A Revolution mu Kuwala
Pamene gasi ya zamalonda inalipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 ku Ulaya ndi America, njira yatsopano yowunikira nyumba zathu, maofesi, ndi masitolo - ngakhale misewu yathu - inalipo nthawi yoyamba. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, titha kukhazikitsa mipiringidzo yowunikira yowonjezera yomwe inagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafuta kapena magetsi omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera kunja.
Tinafunika kusunga ndi kusinthanitsa zovala, ndipo tinafunika kuwatsitsa ndi manja, koma masiku oti tigula kapena kupanga makandulo, ndi kugula kapena kupereka mafuta a nyali, adatha.
Titha kukhala ndi dongosolo la mapaipi omwe amaikidwa, ndipo timagwirizanitsa ndi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuti agwirizane ndi kupereka dongosolo lathu.
Inde, izi zinatanthawuza ndalama imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito kulipira ngati titakhala kale ndi madzi a anthu onse. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri, zimatanthawuza kuti ife tinali ndi ndalama zoyamba. Utumiki wamadzi a mumsewu ndi madzi osungira madzi anayamba kuyambika kale, koma zinatengera zaka zambiri kuti zigwiritse ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri ntchito yamagetsi inayamba kupezeka.
Momwe mpweya unaperekedwa
Inde, mpweyawu unaperekedwa ku nyumba zathu ndi malonda pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apansi, monganso lero. Koma kodi kampani ya gasayo inapeza bwanji mpweya? Mmodzi mwa mapaipi oyambirira kuti abweretse gasi lachilengedwe kuchokera kumunda wa gasi kupita kumzinda unamalizidwa mu 1821. Mipayipi imeneyo inabweretsa gasi lachilengedwe kuchokera ku minda ku Indiana kupita ku mzinda wa Chicago, ndipo sizinali zovuta kwambiri. Pasanafike nthawi imeneyo, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, gasi lachilengedwe limene tinkayendetsa nyumba zathu linapangidwa m'tawuni yomwe tinkakhala.
Mpweya womwe tinkawotchera malo athu mu nthawi ya Gaslight unali mafuta a malasha. Inali gasi lachilengedwe, koma linapangidwa ndi makala oyaka moto mu uvuni omwe anasindikizidwa kuti asunge oksijeni. Kenaka mpweyawu unatsukidwa - wosankhidwa - opanikizidwa ndi kuponyedwa ku nyumba zathu, malonda ndi magetsi a pamsewu. Zinapangidwa ndi ndondomeko yomwe tikuidziwa lero ngati "malasha a malasha."
Mu 1792, William Murdoch anagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa malasha kuti awononge nyumba yake. Panthawiyo, Murdoch anali kugwira ntchito kwa Matthew Boulton ndi James Watt pa Soho Foundry steam injini ntchito ndipo adaikidwa kuti ayang'anire injini za kampaniyo ku ntchito yamigodi ku Cornwall. Iye anali kuyesera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi, kuti awone zomwe zingabweretse kuwala kopambana. Anaganiza kuti amaza gasi monga yogwira mtima kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba mwake, mwachigawo, monga chisonyezero.
Ichi chinali chiyambi cha Gaslight Era. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, magetsi a magetsi anali akufala m'midzi yayikuru yambiri, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa magetsi kuyatsa bwino. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, magetsi amasiya m'malo mwa gasi monga gwero launikira, ndi nthawi yosangalatsa ya magetsi awiri (mafuta ndi magetsi) kwa zaka pafupifupi 20 ngati gawo la kusintha.
Zojambula zowala m'masiku a moto
Zowonetsera magetsi zinayikidwa pansi pazitali padenga pa zifukwa ziwiri. Chofunika kwambiri chinali chakuti anapanga kuwala ndi lawi la moto, choncho mbale yowunikirayo imayenera kusungidwa patali kutali ndi zipangizo zilizonse zomwe zingapse. Chifukwa chachiwiri chinali chakuti mpweya wokhazikikawo unatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi valve, kapena valve, yomwe inamangidwa mmenemo.
Kuti, kuphatikizapo kuti lawi la moto liyenera kutayidwa mpweya utayambika, zikutanthauza kuti mukufuna kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kufika - kaya kuchokera pansi kapena pogwiritsira ntchito kabedi kakang'ono ngati kuli kofunikira.
Chotsatira cha izi ndikuti mapuloteni enieni a gasi, ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezeredwa, ndizovala zamtengo wapatali , nyali zapakati , ndi makoma ozungulira . Iwo anali ndi (ndipo atsegula) mbale, zomwe kawirikawiri zimapangidwa ndi galasi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaoneka bwino, zomwe zimagwira zovala zoyera - kapena, mmalo amasiku ano, babu. M'makonzedwe apachiyambi, mbale yotseguka inali yofunikira kuti zogulitsa zowonongeka zitheke. Chinayambitsanso kuwala kwakukulu kumtunda. Kugwiritsira ntchito galasi la mbale kunathandiza kuwala kukufalikira kumbali ndipo, mpaka pang'onopang'ono, pansi.