Fagus sylvatica
Chidule:
The European beech ( Fagus sylvatica) ndi mtengo wamthunzi wamthunzi ku Ulaya. Izi zikhonza kugwira bwino ngati mtengo wachitsanzo, makamaka ngati mutasankha imodzi mwazolima zomwe zili ndi masamba ngati ofiira kapena chizolowezi cholira. Mitengo yambiri yotereyi tsopano ikupezeka mu malonda a horticulture. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'minda yomwe ili ku USDA Zaka 4-7.
Dzina la Latin:
Dzina la botani lokhudzana ndi mtengo uwu ndi Fagus sylvatica ndipo ndilo gawo la banja la Fagaceae (beech).
Mbale wina wa ku America ndi American beech .
Mayina Amodzi:
Mayina a mtengo uwu ndi European beech kapena common beech.
Cholinga cha USDA Zowonongeka Zowona:
Mukhoza kuyika izi m'munda mwanu mukakhala kumadera 4-7. Chibadwidwe ku Ulaya monga dzina lofala.
Kukula & Kupanga:
Mtengo uwu kawirikawiri umakhala pafupi 40-60 'wamtali pa msinkhu, ngakhale ukhoza kukulira pa 100' nthawi zina
Chiwonetsero:
Dzuŵa lonse ndibwino kuti kukula kokwanira, ngakhale kungathe kulekerera malo okhala ndi mthunzi wache.
Maluwa / Maluwa / Zipatso:
Mdima uliwonse wamdima wakuda ndi wamtundu wa 2-4 "utali wautali. Mphepete mwazitali, masambawo amasintha mtundu wa golide.
European beech ndi monoecious kotero mtengo uliwonse umakhala ndi maluwa amphongo ndi amphongo omwe alipo masika. Mukhoza kudziwa kusiyana pakati pawo ndi momwe amapangidwira pamtengo. Mkazi amawoneka mu timagulu ting'onoting'ono timene timakhala timatabwa tambirimbiri.
Zipatso zimadziwika kuti beechnut kapena mast. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi mtedza wamphongo wamphongo wambiri womwe umakhala ndi chivundikiro. Zimakondwera ndi zinyama zamtundu wanji ndipo zimadyanso kwa anthu, ngakhale kuti mungawone kuti amawoneka bwino chifukwa cha masamba.
Zopangira Zojambula:
Nthawi zina mtengo uwu ukhoza kuvutikira ngati udabzala m'munda wamatawuni.
Pali mitundu yochuluka yamalimi yomwe imapezeka pa mitundu iyi ya beech. Mtundu wa beech (womwe ukhoza kugulitsidwa monga 'Roseo-Marginata', 'Purpurea Tricolor' kapena 'Tricolor') umakhala ndi masamba osiyana siyana ndi kusakaniza pinki, koyera ndi kobiriwira. 'Dawyck Gold' ndi 'Zlatia' ndi mbewu zomwe zimabala masamba achikasu.
Ngati muli okonda mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba ofiira , pali mitundu yambiri ya cultivars yomwe ili ndi khalidweli. Iwo amagulitsidwa pansi pa mayina ngati 'Purpurea', 'Spaethiana', 'Ansorgei', 'Atropunicea', 'Dawyck Purple' , 'Rohanii', 'Spathiana', ' Riversii' ndi 'Atropurpurea' ndipo amakhala ndi masamba ofiira, ngakhale masamba angakhale otchire m'chilimwe kwa mbewu zina. Ambiri mwa awa akhoza kutchulidwa pansi pa dzina lofala la beech zamkuwa. Palinso minda yamitundu yofiirira yomwe imatchedwa 'Purpurea Pendula' ndi 'Purple Fountain' ndi misozi yachikasu yotchedwa 'Aurea Pendula'.
'Tortuosa' imawonjezera chidwi pa nyengo yozizira makamaka pamene nthambi ndi thunthu zimapotoka. 'Tortuosa Purpurea' ali ndi zofanana ndi kuwonjezera kwa masamba ofiira. 'Fastigiata' imakula kukhala mawonekedwe abwino. 'Asplenifolia' ali ndi masamba omwe amawoneka bwino m'matumba ambiri, ndikuwoneka bwino. Amadziwika kuti fernleaf beech.
Malangizo Okula:
Mtengo uwu umatha kukula mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi ma pH maulendo pokhapokha ngati imatulutsa bwino.
Mungathe kufalitsa Ulaya beech kupyolera mbewu kumera. Mbewu idzasowa stratification (yozizira nthawi) ngati siwatsopano. Ngati muli ndi cultivar yeniyeni, muyenera kuiyika pamtengo wolimba kuti mukhale ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Kusamalira / Kudulira:
Mitundu imeneyi ikhoza kutumiza otchira , kotero kuti mtengo ukhale wathanzi ndipo usamalire anyamata oyamwa kuti asungidwe bwino. Mwinanso mungafunike kulimbitsa minofu chifukwa muli malo pansi pa magalimoto kapena oyendayenda ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi misewu ndi misewu.
Tizilombo ndi Matenda:
Beech scale ( Cryptococcus fagisuga ) akhoza kutsutsa mtengo uwu. Kuwonongeka kumene amachititsa kumatseguka kwa bowa la Nectria kuti liwonongeke ndipo mwinamwake kumayambitsa matenda a beech makungwa.
Onetsetsani mawanga otentha pa mtengo ndikupangira mamba ndi horticultural mafuta kapena tizilombo mwamsanga mwamsanga. Njira ina yowonetsera ikuyitanira amayibugs (omwe amafanana kuti atheke pa mamba a beech) pokonzekera chakudya chamagulu chopindulitsa.
Mukhozanso kuona nsabwe za m'masamba, cankers ndi powdery mildew.