Mbewu yosakanizidwa ndi zotsatira za mtanda pollinating mitundu iwiri ya zomera ndi kukula mbewu yomwe mtanda umapanga. Chomera chomwe chimakula kuchokera ku mbewu imeneyo chimatengedwa ngati wosakanizidwa.
Nchifukwa chiyani Mitengo ya Hybridize?
Kusakanizidwa kwa malonda kumapangidwira kuti mupeze mtundu wina wamtengo wapatali wa mtundu uliwonse woyamba kukhala mwana. Zing'onoting'ono zingapangidwe kuti zisawononge matenda, kukula kwa zomera, maluwa, kapena chipatso, kuwonjezeka maluwa, mtundu, kulawa kapena chifukwa chilichonse chomera chingakhale chopangidwa kukhala chapadera.
Mitengo yamakono yamakono yogulitsidwa ndi hybrids.
Kodi Zomera Zimakanizidwa Bwanji?
Poyamba kuwoloka, mungu wochokera ku chomera chimodzi umayenera kupita ku duwa la mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Asanachite zimenezi, wofalitsayo ayenera kusankha chomera chomwe akufuna kuchigwiritsa ntchito monga mkazi (pistil) komanso chimene akufuna kutenga mungu kuchokera ku (stamen, ziwalo zamwamuna). Pistil ndiyeno mungu wochokera pamanja, ndi mungu. Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zikhale ndi mungu wozizira, zonsezi zimachotsedwa ku zomera zomwe zimachokera ku mungu. Zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kupukutira kwa mtanda izi zimakololedwa ndipo mbewu zimasonkhanitsidwa.
Kufikira ku zotsatira zofunidwa kungatenge zaka zowoloka. Mitengo yoyamba ikulumidwa chaka chotsatira ndipo zomera zomwe amapanga zimayesedwa. Ngati akwaniritsa zoyembekezera, mtanda udzabwerezedwa ndipo mbewu zidzagulitsidwa chaka chotsatira. Koma zingatenge zaka zambiri musanakhale wosakanizidwa ndi makhalidwe omwe amafunidwa.
Ngati zomera zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhumudwitse, woberekanso amabwerera ku malo amodzi.
Ngakhale pamene wofalitsayo wapambana, ntchitoyo ikupitirirabe. Mbewu za zinyama zotchuka zamalonda, monga 'Sungold' ndi tomato oyambirira , zimayenera kudutsa, kukololedwa ndi kusungidwa chaka chilichonse. Izi zimatchedwa F1 hybrids, chifukwa cha mbadwo woyamba, chifukwa ndizopangidwa mwachindunji pamtanda.
Wofalitsa yemwe amayamba kupanga wosakanizidwa ali ndi ufulu wake, ndiye chifukwa chake amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa omwe sali achibowo, kapena otsekemera , zomera. Odyetsa amaonetsetsa kuti makolo awo ali ndi ubwino kwambiri.
Kodi Pali Chofunika Chake Chokhudzana ndi Kukula Nkhumba?
Zomera zowonjezera zowonongeka m'munda zimakhala bwino kwambiri ndi kukula kopanda zomera zomwe zimatulutsa mungu (OP). Ngakhale mitundu yambiri yotchuka m'munda wamaluwa ndi hybrids chifukwa yatsimikiziridwa kukhala opanga pamwamba m'munda, palinso zomera zambiri zosakanizidwa zomwe sizinayesedwe bwino zisanayambe kugulitsidwa ndipo zatsimikiziridwa kukhala zokhumudwitsa. Kawirikawiri izi ndi zotsatira za kuyesedwa kumalo amodzi, osati mmalo osiyanasiyana okula. Zikondwerero, izi zimawoneka kuti zatha kumsika pamene zomera zimayambira.
Nchiyani Chimachitika Mukamabzala Mbewu ku Zomera Zokhazikika?
Chifukwa hybrids ndi mtanda pakati pa mitundu, mbeu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi hybrids sizidzakula mbewu . Mbande zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku wosakanizidwa zikhoza kusonyeza makhalidwe a mbeu imodzi kapena onse awiri kapena chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina mbewu imakhala yosabala ndipo siimakula.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kupulumutsa ndi kuyesa. Mukhoza kukondwa kwambiri ndi zomera zatsopano.
Musati mukhale nawo pafupi, chifukwa inu ambiri simukuwona zomera monga choncho kachiwiri.
Kamodzi Wophatikiza, Nthawizonse Yophatikiza?
N'zotheka kuti mbewu yosakanizidwa ikhale yolimba ndikukhala chomera choyera, kotero kuti imakula mosalekeza ku mtundu. Izi zimatengera ntchito yabwino, kukula kwa mibadwo yambiri ya mbewu, mosamala mosankha okha omwe ali ofanana ndi makolo ndikusiya zonse. Komabe mbeu zambiri zomwe sizisakanizidwa ndi zotsatira za ntchito yowawayi.
Kodi Mitengo Yophatikiza Ndi Yachilendo?
Mitengo yambiri yosakanizidwa ndi mitanda yokakamiza, koma kusakaniza kumachitika mwachilengedwe. Ndipotu, zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Mitundu iwiri yapafupi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kuwoloka mungu ndi tizilombo kapena mphepo ndipo mbewuyo imangobwera pansi ndikukula mu haibridi. Maluwa ochepa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe timakula lero zili mu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira.
Mu chilengedwe, hybrids akugunda kapena akusowa. Nthano za malonda zimabwera pambuyo pa ntchito yambiri ndipo kuyesayesa kwambiri kumatayidwa ngati sakubweretsa zotsatira zoyenera.
Kaya mtanda umachitika mwachilengedwe kapena munthu, musasokoneze hybrids ndi zomera zomwe zasinthidwa (GMO), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga gene cloning. Zing'onoting'ono ndi zomera ziwiri zokha zomwe zimadutsa mungu.
Mwinanso mungafunike kudziŵa kusiyana kwa pakati pa Heirloom, Hybrids ndi Open Open Pollinated ?