Kukonzekera Kunyumba Yanu Padziko Lapansi

01 ya 05

Mau oyamba

Nyuzipepala ya US Geological Survey (USGS) ku Colorado imalingalira kuti padziko lapansi pali zivomezi zoposa 500,000 chaka chilichonse, zomwe 100,000 zimatha kuzimva, ndipo 100 mwazo zimawononga. Tiyeni tikhale othokoza kuti zivomezi zambiri ndizochepa.

Komabe, chifukwa zivomezi zochepa chabe, zivomezi zimachititsa mabiliyoni ambiri a ndalama kuwonongeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti zakhala zikufala kwambiri ku Western United States, zivomezi zingachitike pafupifupi dziko lililonse.

Mu phunziroli, tikambirana zomwe mungachite kuti mukonzekerere bwino nyumba yanu ndi kuteteza banja lanu ngati chivomerezi chikachitika. Mungathe kuchita zina mwa ntchitoyi yokonzekera nokha, koma zina mwazomwe mukukambilana mu phunziroli mungafunike thandizo la womanga nyumba kapena womanga makina omanga ngati mulibe luso kapena zipangizo zofunikira. Ngati mukufuna kukonza kontrakitala iliyonse ya ntchitoyi, onani Mmene Mungayang'anire Mkonzi Wokonza Mapulani .

Zomwe mungachite kuti mutetezeke ndi zivomerezi zomwe mungathe kutenga panthawi yomwe chivomezi chitatha, penyani mndandanda wa American Red Cross. Ndizofotokozera bwino, kotero chonde tizisindikize ndikuzisunga.

Kukonzekera Kwapakhomo Konzekeratu Kusowa kwa Chivomezi:
Kukonzekera nyumba yanu chifukwa cha chivomezi kumaphatikizapo kukonzanso luso lanu lokhalanso kulimbana ndi zivomezi zambiri zokhudzana ndi nkhanza. Phunziroli lidzakumbukira mbali zinayi izikulu:

• Kunja khoma-to-foundation kugwirizana (ikani mabotolo).
• Kunja khoma-to-foundation kugwirizana (retrofit maziko mbale).
• Kachilombo-khoma kukameta ubweya reinforcement.
• Ndondomeko yosakanikirana ndi chivomezi chosagwedezeka.

Tiyeni tiwone mbali iliyonse ya zigawozi ndi zomwe zikutanthauza kukonzekera kwanu.

02 ya 05

Kutulukira Kwachimake Kwa Maziko Kumtunda (Kumangiriza Mabotolo)

Nyumba za kunja kwa nyumba zanu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi makoma anu omangira. Zolingalira monga izi zikuwonekera, izi sizinali zachilendo kumanga nyumba mpaka m'ma 1940. Mwamwayi, tsopano ndi lamulo lofunika kuti makoma apansi akukongoletsedwa ku makoma a maziko kuti asamayende kayendetsedwe kamodzi, monga omwe amapezeka m'chivomezi.

2x4 yopita pansi pa khoma lakunja limene limakhala pa khoma la maziko limatchedwa mbale ya sill (kapena matope akudera m'madera ena a dziko). Chipinda cha sill chiyenera kumangiriridwa ku khoma la maziko ndi zomangira zitsulo zamakono kuti khoma lisasunthike kapena kupindika. Kuyika kwa zomangika mu pulasitala sangathe kukhala oposa mamita asanu pamtunda ndipo ayenera kukhala mkati mwa mainchesi khumi ndi awiri a ziwalo zapulaneti.

Mutha kupeza dothi lamatope kapena matope mu crawlspace kapena pansi pano pamwamba pa khoma la maziko. Pamwamba pa mbale ya sill muyenera kuwona mutu wa anchor womwe ukuwombera kupyolera mu zitsulo zopangira zitsulo ndi mtedza.

Ngati simukuwona zikhomo pa malo oyenera m'nyumba mwanu, fufuzani ndi dipatimenti yanu yomanga kuti muphunzire zofunikira zapakhomo ndi kupeza chithandizo pakuganiza zoyenera kuchita. Pali zofunikira zosiyana siyana zogwirira ntchito pazitsulo zamkati, kutalika ndi malo osanjikizana ndi zomangamanga. Kutalika kwa ngongole amadzimikiranso kudalira kulemera kwake kwa mbale ya sill, kugwiritsira ntchito miyezo yofunikira komanso mphamvu ya khoma la maziko, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 3.5 "ndi 6.25" poyikamo konkire. Ndi bwino kuyang'ana ndondomeko yanu yomanga, nyumba yomangamanga kapena ndi injiniya kapena wamisiri kuti muzindikire kukula kwa nangula.

Ngati muli ndi crawlspace panyumba panu, mukhoza kukhala ndi khoma lopangidwa pamwamba pa maziko ndi pansi pa nyumba yoyamba, yotchedwa khoma lolemala. Kutsekemera kwa retrofit kwa khoma lakunja mpaka kumayendedwe ndi chimodzi mwa njira ziwiri, mwina poika zipilala (olumala makoma) kapena matabwa a retrofit (palibe makoma olumala).

Ngati mwasankha kubwezeretsa kachipangizo kameneka pamakoma olumala, muyenera kuyendetsa pamphepete mwachitsulo ndikukwera pamwamba pa khoma lamatabwa la maziko a konkire. Mtundu wotchingira zikopa umabwera mu mtundu wowonjezera kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu, konkire yolimba ndi mtundu wa epoxy womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu konkire yakale, yochepa, konkire kapena njerwa. Mungathe kusintha mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito zida za epoxy-setting-setting pogwiritsa ntchito anchokwe zowonjezera kuti ziyike mu maziko. Mutha kusintha mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa kuika pafupifupi 60 peresenti pogwiritsa ntchito opanga majekiti 3 akuluakulu.

Njira inanso yogwiritsira ntchito mbale yopangira maziko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ziboliboli zovomerezeka monga Titan HD yopangidwa ndi Simpson. Kuti muwone bwino za mapepala otsika kumalo oyamba, onani Bolting: Cholembera cha Mudsill ku Foundation .

Ngati khoma lanu lolemala likuyenera kutseka, onetsetsani kuti muyiikepo poyamba, musanatseke ziboliboli zamadzimadzi ndi mayerero (onani Chipinda Chakumwamba Chokongoletsera Pambuyo pa phunziroli).

03 a 05

Pansi pa Wall to Foundation Mogwirizana (Retrofit Foundation Plates)

Ngati nyumba yanu ili ndi chipinda chapansi kapena chipinda chopanda chilema chodziwika ndi crawlspace, ndiye kuti galimoto yoyamba ija imayang'ana pamwamba pamwamba pa khoma la maziko ndipo musakhale pamtunda wolumala. Zikatero, zimakhala zovuta kupeza pamwamba pa khoma la maziko ndi kubowola m'mphepete mwa pulasitiki, chifukwa chokhala ndi zolembera zochepa zowonongeka mabowo a zikhomo. Izi zimaphatikizapo zidutswa za retrofit, zomwe zimagwirizana kumbali ya khoma la maziko ndi mbali ya mbale ya sill. Ma mbalewo amamangiriridwa ku khoma la maziko ndi kukulitsa kapena kuyika zikopa zamakono komanso ndi zikopa zamatabwa ku pulasitiki.

04 ya 05

Khola lachilombo Kapepala Kukhazikika

Makoma opunduka ndi makoma apansi omwe amangidwa pamwamba pa makoma a maziko kuti apange crawlspace. Makoma amenewa ayenera kunyamula katundu yense wa nyumbayo, ndipo ngati sagwedezeka chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kameneka, amatha kugwa pa chivomerezi. Khoma lolemala litatha, nyumbayo idzagwa kapena kusintha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kuchoka pansi.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa makoma osasunthika omwe nyumba yanu yonse ikukhala, muyenera kupanga chomwe chili khoma la mkanda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwonjezera plywood sheathing kuti mupange mpweya wolimba kuchokera pamatumba, mapepala apamwamba ndi khoma lopanda khoma. Pamene khoma lopunduka likusandulika kukhala lolimba kwambiri ndi phokoso, tsopano likhoza kuthana ndi katundu wotsatira.

Kuletsa:
Ngati khoma lalumala limakhala ndi chiwerengero chimodzimodzi ngati mapepala, ndiye kuti kutseka sikufunika. Komabe, ngati khoma lolemala liri ndi mbale yopanda madzi yomwe imakhala yochulukirapo kusiyana ndi zikopa, uyenera kuwonjezera kuzimitsa pansi pa khoma pakati pa zidutswa. Kuphimba uku kumapereka msomali pansi pamsana kuti ukhale wokhazikika ndipo uyenera kukhala ndi matabwa ofanana ndi matabwa ngati mapepala . Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mapulogalamu a 2x6, gwiritsani ntchito 2x6 kutseka; Mofanana ndi 2x4 studs, ntchito 2x4 kutseka. Gawo lirilonse lokhazikika pakati pa ziphuphu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi misomali khumi yokhala ndi ziboda, ziwiri pambali (4 okwanira).

Pulojekiti yowonjezeretsa:
Kuwomba khoma kumafunika kuikidwa pa khoma lililonse koma osati kutalika kwake. Tsatirani malangizo awa kuti muyambe:

• Sakanizani mpaka 50 peresenti ya kutalika kwa khoma lamakono kwa nyumba 1 zamakono;
• Sakanizani mpaka 70 peresenti ya kutalika kwa khoma lalumala kwa nyumba za 1.5 mpaka 2;
• Ikani kukonza kotero kuti kutalika kwa kuthamanga kuli kosachepera 2 nthawi yokwera khoma lalumala.
• Ikani kuyambira kuyambira pa ngodya iliyonse ndikugwira ntchito.
• Malo opitilira kuthamanga sangakhale osaposa mamita 25 pakati.
• Onetsetsani kuti kutseka kumathera pa phokoso la pulasitiki. Zonse zomaliza zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kukhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira ku zikhomo, mbale yaikulu ndi pulasitiki (kapena matope sill).
• Yesetsani kumangirira kumbali zonse pamodzi ndi misomali yokhala ndi mipando 8d yomwe imakhala pakati pa "pakati." Pakatikati pa mapepala, msomali muzipinda 12 "pakati. Ngati mukulowetsa m'mwamba, mutenge misomali kuti wina alowe pamwamba, ndipo kenaka masentimita 4 mutuluke msomali, msomali msomali wina pamtunda wapamwamba, mutenge masentimita makumi anayi kuchokera pamsompho pamwamba. Kubwereza njirayi yodalirika pambali ya mbale yaikulu.
• Pewani mpata uliwonse pakati pa zipilala ndi "dzenje lachitatu" pakati pa ziphuphu. Ngati khoma lolema lili ndi 18 "pamwamba kapena pansi, mumasowa chingwe chimodzi. Ngati ali wamtali kuposa 18 ", ndiye kuti mabowo awiri (pamwamba ndi m'munsi) ayenera kuperekedwa ndipo akulimbikitsanso kupeza malo otsika otsekemera pamwamba pa chingwe chowongolera. Amalimbikitsanso kusunga nyama ndi tizilombo tochepa.

05 ya 05

Chitetezo cha Panyumba Panyumba

Ngati muli ndi telefoni, pali zinthu zomwe mungatenge kuti muteteze nyumba yanu. Yang'anani pansi pa nyumba yanu. Ngati nyumba ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi konkire yokha kapena zitsulo zitsulo, muyenera kutetezedwa bwino. Khalani ndi "njira yothandizira yothandizira" kapena bracing system (resistant system bracing system). Nthawi yosungira imasiyana, malinga ndi momwe mudagwiritsira ntchito. Machitidwe ambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa retrofit kapena kukhazikitsa kwatsopano ndipo akhoza kusamutsidwa pamene mukuchoka. Makhalidwe ambiri amatha kusamalira malo otsetsereka.