Pezani Mitundu 10 ya Mitengo ya Elm

01 pa 12

Mamembala a Ulmus Genus

Mitengo ya Elm imapezeka mumtundu wa Ulmus m'banja la Ulmaceae. Genera lina mu banja lino ndi Zelkova , Ampelocera , ndi Planera .

Masamba pa mitengo ya elm amagwiranso ntchito pa nthambi ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala opangidwa. Ambiri amakhala ndi maluwa abwino omwe amakhala samaras . Mosiyana ndi mahatchi omwe amadziwika bwino omwe amapangidwa ndi mitengo ya mapulo , awo a elm mitengo ndi ozungulira. Iwo ali ochepa kwambiri mu fruiting awo ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuwononga ngati zikhalidwe zikukula.

Mtengo wa Elmwood sumaola ngati utayikidwa m'madzi, ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sitima ndi piers m'mbiri yonse. Zakhala zikujambulidwa kuti apange mapaipi a madzi nthawi zina.

M'madera ambiri, mitengo ya elm yagwa chifukwa cha kubwera kwa Dutch elm matenda. Ku United States, anthu ambiri anabzala American elm ( Ulmus americana ) mmalo mwa kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya elm. Monga njala ya ku Italy ya mbatata ya m'zaka za zana la 19, kusowa kwa mitundu yosiyana kunatsimikizira kuti ndifa ndipo ambiri a American elm mitengo afa pazaka.

Matendawa amachititsa kuti mtengowo ufe. Amachokera ndi Ophiostoma ulmi kapena Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ndipo imafalikira ndi makungwa awiri a khungwa , omwe ndi mbadwa zam'madzi zimatulutsa kachilomboka ( Hylurgopinus rufipes ) ndi European bulm beetle ( Scolytus multistriatus ).

Mitengo ya Elm ikubwerera ku malo, ngakhale. Tsopano mukhoza kusankha mitundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosakanizidwa yomwe imatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda a Dutch elm. Mukapita kumapiri anu am'deralo, onani ngati ali ndi Ulmus americana 'Valley Forge', 'New Harmony', kapena 'Princeton'.

Njira ina yotchuka ndi Japan zelkova. Mzimayiyu akhoza kutenga matendawa, koma nthawi zambiri amamasuka ku vutoli.

Zilombo za kumpoto kwa North America zingakhalenso zovuta ndi matenda otchedwa elm chikasu kapena elm phloem necrosis. Mitundu ingapo ya othamanga masamba amabweretsa phytoplasmas ku mtengo wa elm. Zimalowa mu phloem ndikuziwononga, kutseketsa kayendedwe ka chakudya ndi madzi ndipo pamapeto pake zimatsogolera kufa kwa mtengowo. Mukhoza kulima mitundu yochokera ku Asia kapena ku Ulaya kuti mupewe (kapena kuchepera) vuto ili.

02 pa 12

American Elm

American elm yakhala ikubwereranso zaka zambiri ngati akatswiri ochita zamatsenga akugwira ntchito popanga mitundu yomwe ingakhoze kulimbana ndi matenda a Dutch elm kuposa mitundu. Ndiwo mtengo wa boma wa Massachusetts ndi North Dakota .

• Latin Name: Ulmus americana
• Mayina Ena Omwe Amadziwika: Madzi a madzi, mathithi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, Florida elm, ofewa otchedwa elm, woyera elm, gray gray
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Kumpoto kwa North America
• Zomera za USDA: 2-9
• Msinkhu: 60-90 'wamtali

03 a 12

Camperdown Elm

The Camperdown elm ndi mitundu yolira ya Wych elm. Imafuna kufalitsa polemba pamodzi. Nthambi zotsalira zingathe kupanga malo osangalatsa.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'
• Mayina Ena Omwe: Kulira kolira, ambulera elm
• Wachibadwidwe ku: United Kingdom
• Madera a USDA: 4-8
• Kutalika: 10-30 'wamtali

04 pa 12

Cedar Elm

Mtsinje wa mkungudza ukhoza kukula mmizinda chifukwa umatha kupitirizabe kukhala ndi zinthu monga kuwonongeka kwa nthaka, ndi nthaka yosauka. Monga momwe Society of Plant Plant ya Texas imatchulira, dzina la cedar elm ndi losokoneza pang'ono. Sikuli ngati mkungudza uliwonse ( Cedrus spp.). M'malo mwake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa nthawi zambiri mumapeza mkung'oma ( Juniperus spp.), Omwe nthawi zina amagawana ndi dzina lofanana la mkungudza.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus crassifolia
• Mayina Amodzi Omwe: Msika wachitsulo, kum'mwera kwa miyala, Texas mkungudza wamaluwa, laimu elm, scmub elm
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Kumwera kwa North America
• Madera a USDA: 6-9
• Msinkhu: 20-90 'wamtali

05 ya 12

Cherry-Bark Elm

Mbalame yamakungwa yotchedwa cherry ingathe kukhala ndi moyo zaka mazana ambiri. Thunthu ili ndi ma lenticels ambiri. Ichi ndi mtengo wabwino ngati mukuda nkhaŵa ndi matenda a Dutch elm chifukwa zatsimikiziridwa kuti sizikusowa.

• Dzina lachilatini: Ulmus villosa
• Maina Ena Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito : Mverani Elm, mchere wa chitumbuwa, mphalapala ya Himalayan yaing'ono
• Wachibadwidwe kwa: Chigawo chaku India
• Zomera za USDA: Ku Zone 5
• Msinkhu: 60-120 'wamtali

06 pa 12

Chinese Elm

Zigawo za Chitchaina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati choloweza m'malo mwa American elm ndi omwe ali ku United States pakufuna kugonjetsa matenda a Dutch elm. Amagwiritsa ntchito makasitomala omwe amawoneka ngati ofiira, oviira, obiriwira ndi alanje.

Popeza kuti achinayi a ku China amatha kukula ngati akudulidwa mobwerezabwereza, ndi mwayi wosankha bonsai.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus parvifolia
• Mayina Ena Amodzi: Drake elm, lacebark elm
• Wachibadwa kwa: China, Japan, North Korea ndi Vietnam
• Madera a USDA: 4-9
• Kutalika: 40-50 'wamtali

07 pa 12

David Elm

Zofufuza za ku America ndi ku Ulaya zachitidwa ndi David elm, wa ku Asia. Zimathawa mkwiyo wa Dutch elm matenda nthawi zambiri koma zimakhala zovuta kumadera omwe sali a mtundu wawo.

• Dzina lachilatini: Ulmus davidiana
• Mayina Ena Omwe: Amitundu osiyanasiyana ( Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica ) a Davide elm amadziwika kuti ndi amwenye a ku Japan kapena a Wilson.
• Wachibadwidwe kwa: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, ndi Siberia
• Dera la USDA: 3-8 malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana
• Kutalika: 30-50 'wamtali

08 pa 12

English Elm

Zigawo za Chingerezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira liana. Mitundu imeneyi imabereka kudzera mwa suckers mmalo mwa mbewu ndipo imapezeka kupezeka m'dziko lonse la England kusanafike matenda a Dutch elm.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus procera
• Mayina Ena Omwe: Amayi a Atini, omwe amawadziwika bwino
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Europe
• Madera a USDA: 6-9
• Kutalika: Monga imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya mtundu wa elm, alementi a Chingerezi akhoza kukhala oposa 130.

09 pa 12

European White Elm

European white elm ndi, mwatsoka, amadwala matenda a Dutch Elm. Ngati muli ndi dera limene limakhala lonyowa, mtundu uwu ukhoza kugwira bwino ntchito zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupirira mvula komanso kusefukira kwa madzi.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus laevis
• Mayina Ena Omwe: Malembo a ku Russian, kufalitsa elm, okongola kwambiri, akuwombera
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Europe
• Zomera za USDA: Kupita ku Zone 5
• Msinkhu: Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala wautali wa 100.

10 pa 12

Siberia Elm

Ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukula pafupifupi kulikonse. Komabe, musati muweruze izi pakhomo lanu. Mfundo yakuti mtengowu ndi wopitilira umatanthauza kuti zidzakula m'malo omwe mitengo ndi zitsamba zambiri silingathe kuzigwira.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus pumila
• Mayina Ena Omwe: Asiatic elm, Chinese elm, elm wamera
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Eastern Siberia, Korea, Tibet, India, Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China
• Zomera za USDA: 3-9. Mungathe kukhala m'madera ena a Zone 2.
• Msinkhu: 50-70 'wamtali

11 mwa 12

Slippery Elm

Mankhwala operewera amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mitsempha, matenda opweteka kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwa mtima monga Cathy Wong, katswiri wodziwa zachipatala. Dzina la mtundu wa rubra limakupatsani inu chitsimikizo chakuti gawo lina la mtengo uwu ndi lofiira. Pankhani ya elm yowola, ndi nkhuni. Dzina lakuti "elm lalitali" limachokera ku mucilage yomwe imapezeka mkatikati mwa makungwa.

• Dzina la Latin: Ulmus rubra . Nthawi zina zidzatchulidwa ngati Ulmus fulva .
• Mayina Ena Amodzi: Grey elm, mphalaswe wamadzi, Indian elm, wofiira, wofewa
• Wachibadwidwe ku: Kumpoto kwa North America
• Zomera za USDA: 3-9
• Kutalika: kutalika kwa 40-135 '

Zindikirani: Gawo lapitayi ndilo cholinga cha maphunziro okha ndipo sichiyenera kutanthauza uphungu wa zachipatala. Fufuzani ndi katswiri wanu wamankhwala musanatenge elm yosautsa chifukwa cha mankhwala.

12 pa 12

Mitengo ina ndi Zitsamba Zoganizira

Ngati lingaliro la matenda a Dutch Elm likukudetsani nkhawa kwambiri, mungafune kuganizira mtundu wina wa mtengo kapena shrub. Zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mthunzi zimaphatikizapo:

• Mitengo Yambiri
• Mitengo ya Dogwood, Zitsamba, ndi Zitsamba
• Magnolia Mitengo ndi Zitsamba
• Mitengo ya Mapulo
• Mitengo ya Willow ndi Zitsamba