Zojambula pambali ndi tile ya ceramic : Kodi iyi ndi nkhondo pakati pa mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo kapena kungokhala nkhondo ya mawu? Mawu akuti porcelain ndi ceramic amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ngati kuti anali chinthu chomwecho. Anthu ogulitsa masitolo amatsenga nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa kuti atsimikizidwe kuti zida za porcelain ndizomwe zili pamwamba.
Zomwe zikutuluka, ceramic ndi mapaipi amalembedwa mosiyana ndipo amachita moyenera pokhazikitsa, koma ndi kusiyana pang'ono chabe.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti matabwa a porcelain amalephereka kwambiri kuposa matani a ceramic ndipo motero amatha kulowa mmadzi ambiri.
Malingana ndi gulu la mafakitale limene limasankha ngati tile ndizaphalasitiki kapena ceramic, chirichonse chikuwombera ku vuto limodzilo: kukwaniritsa njira yowonjezera madzi. Gulu lina laling'ono, lokhalo lopanda ntchito pa malonda a matalala, ngakhale limapitiriza kufotokozera ponena kuti zipinda ndi zowonjezereka, zopanda kanthu, zabwino, komanso zosalala, kuphatikizapo njira imodzi yomwe imathandizira madzi.
Zojambula ndi Ceramic: Zonse Kuchokera ku Banja la Ceramic
Zojambula ndi zitsulo za ceramic zonsezi ndi mbali ya matalala akuluakulu omwe amatha kutchedwa kuti ceramic. Zolemba zamakono zamakono, ndizomwe zimatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza, zomwe opanga amatenga matayala omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ena ndiyeno amawapatsa maudindo a ceramic kapena mapepala.
Onjezerani mlingo wathanzi wa malonda ndi kuika chizindikiro, monga mafakitale a tile amatha kufotokoza mbiri yakale ya porcelain.
Mawu akuti portoin's Italian etymology ndi porcellana, kapena shellrie shell. Mafuta okongola ndi oyera, otsika, amphamvu, ndipo ali ndi bwino, thupi lamtundu. Zida zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimatchula kuti chabwino china, chomwe chingakhale chosavuta komanso chokwera mtengo kwambiri, chimapangidwa ndi phala.
Koma pang'ono za izo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tayi ya tchalitchi lero.
Iyi ndi masewera a mpira osiyana, masewera otchulidwa ndi kutsegula, ndipo ali ndi zocheperako pang'ono ndi china chabwino. Chizindikiritsochi sichikuteteza zokonda za ochita zomwezo komanso kuchepetsa udindo wawo. Ndi njira yothetsera yomwe ogula angagwiritse ntchito kuti adziwe mwamsanga kuti ndi mitundu iti ya matayala omwe akupeza. Ndipo ndithudi, matabwa a kaure ndi ceramic tile angaganizidwe monga msuweni wamkati poyankhula za ena, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matayala monga quarry tile , matalala a galasi, kapena miyala yachilengedwe.
Phalaphala Ali ndi Mpweya Wochepa wa Madzi
Tile yowonjezera imakhala ndi mlingo wa madzi oposa 0,5 peresenti kapena wotsika monga momwe adafotokozera gawo la C373 la American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Choyamba, tile yachitsulo imayesedwa. Kenaka yophika kwa maola asanu ndikukhala m'madzi kwa maola 24. Kenako, akuyezedwanso. Ngati tileyo imachepera kupitirira theka la magawo limodzi peresenti chifukwa cha madzi akulowa m'mwamba, imatengedwa ngati phala.
Tile yopanga phokoso nthawi zambiri imakhala extruded; ali ndi zinyalala zochepa kuposa za ceramic; kawirikawiri amawongolera ; ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kaolin zambiri kuposa ceramic. Zimapangidwa ndi quartz, dongo, ndi feldspar yomwe imachotsedwa kutentha kuchokera pa 1,200 mpaka 1,400 madigiri C.
Koma popeza izo zimatanthauzanso zojambulajambula zambiri, kachiwiri kusiyana ndikuti mapaipi ali ndi 0,5 peresenti kapena kuchepa kwa madzi.
Chipinda chapafupi chimatsimikiziridwa ngati Chipinda cha Magulu Amagulu
Kwa zaka zambiri, opanga matayala ndi ogawira matayala sankaonana maso ndi maso pa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mapiritsi ndi tayi ya ceramic. Pofika chaka cha 2008, mkanganowo unali utafika pamtunda wotentha kwambiri moti opanga, omwe amaimiridwa ndi Tile Council of North America (TCNA), ndi omwe amawagawa, omwe amaimiridwa ndi Ceramic Tile Distributors Association (CTDA), adakhazikitsa bungwe lachitatu kusiyana ndi kubwera ndi kutanthauzira kwabwino kwa porcelain tile. Iwo adatcha gulu latsopano la Porcelain Tile Certification Agency (PTCA).
Malinga ndi PTCA, sizingowonjezera kuti tileti "ikhale yosasunthika" (nthawi yamtengo wapatali, kutanthauza kuti ndi bwino kutsutsana ndi madzi). Tileyo iyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya madzi a ASTM C373 potumiza ma tepi asanu kuti athe kuyesa, kubweza malipiro, kupereka mgwirizano wogwira nawo ntchito, ndi kukonzanso chizindikiritso zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Pambuyo pa chivomerezo, kampani ingagwiritse ntchito chizindikiro cha PTCA Certification Marking. Pamapeto pake, makampani 28 a ku North America adalandira chizindikiritso ngati kupanga tile yeniyeni yowonjezera.
Kodi Mukudziwa Bwanji Kuti Matalala Amkati Akumtunda Ndimtengo Wapatali?
Nkhondo ya PTCA sinathe pomaliza kukhazikitsa madzi. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya tile yomwe idagulidwa ku North America imatumizidwa kunja. PTCA imasonyeza kuti ambiri mwa matayi omwe amaloledwa kutchulidwa kuti "porcelain" kwenikweni sali odzola.
Muyeso limodzi lodziyimira lodziyimira lopangidwa ndi TCNA, matayala 1,466 anayesedwa kuti ayesedwe ndi madzi omwe angapangire matayala awo kuti akhale oyenerera. Chomaliza chinali chodabwitsa. Pafupi ndi 23 peresenti (336) ma tepi amayesedwa omwe amatchedwa "porcelain" anali kwenikweni kulembedwa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, iwo ankamwa madzi pa chiwerengero cha 0.5 peresenti. Nthaŵi zina, zomwe zimatchedwa tilekitala zimakhala ndi pulogalamu yoopsa yokwana 3%.
Uku ndikumenyera nkhondo kwa PTCA, makamaka popeza matalala ochuluka akulowetsedwa. Monga bungwe lodzikonda, bungwe lopindulitsa, PTCA ilibe zipangizo zoyesa ma telo iliyonse yomwe imadutsa malire a dziko lonse kuti ayambe kuyendetsa madzi.
Njira imodzi yodziwira ngati tile ya porcelain ndizowona ndizowona bokosi la PTCA Certification Mark. Pakalipano, izi ndi zosiyana ndi zofiira ndi zofiira zomwe zimawerenga "Tile yachitsulo yovomerezeka ya 0.5% ya madzi," ndi tile yooneka ngati diamondi yopanga "O" ya "porcelain."
Komabe, chizindikiro cha PTCA chimasintha. Komanso, makampani osakhulupirika amatalala angapusitse mabokosi awo molakwika. Izi ndizo njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati tileyo ili mkati mwazitali ndikuyang'ana motsutsana ndi mapepala a PTCA omwe akudutsa ma teile ndi matayala awo.
Kutanthauzira kwa ANSI kwakukulu ya Porcelain vs. Ceramic
Cholinga cha PTCA ndicho kutsimikizira kuti matalala omwe amatchulidwa kuti mapuloteni amakumana kapena amaposa momwe madzi akuyendera.
Koma zingakhale zothandiza kuyang'anitsitsa miyezo yomwe inafotokozedwa ndi American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A137.1, yomwe inanenanso kuti mbali ina yamatabwa yamakono imatha kufotokozera ngati tile yomwe imapangidwa ndi " matalala omwe ndi owopsa, osayenerera, abwino kwambiri, komanso ofewetsa nkhope. " Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti ANSI A137.1 imatchulidwanso miyezo yofunikira ya ASTM C373 ya momwe madzi amadziwira.
Kumene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Tile ya Ceramic kapena Porcelain
Pomwe zimadalira yemwe mumamufunsa, kuyala kansalu kapena keramic tile panja sikunakonzedwe. Oimira mafakitala a matayala anganene kuti matabwa a penti ndi abwino kwa kunja. Ena akhoza kunena kuti zipangizo zina monga miyala yamtengo wapatali , miyala ya konkire, kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali monga slate kapena marble zimagwira ntchito bwino kusiyana ndi matabwa a ceramic kapena mapiritsi.
Chomwe chimagwirizanirana kwambiri, ndikuti tile ya ceramic sayenera kuikidwa kunja. Tile ya Ceramic siyi yokwanira yokwanira chifukwa imagwira madzi ambiri. Ngati mumakhala m'madera omwe amaundana, matalala anu angasokonezeke m'mayendedwe ochepa oyamba.
M'gulu la kunja kwa mapaipi, zingakhale zothandiza kuyang'ana kuderalo la Enamel Institute (PEI). Nkhumba za PEI zogwiritsa ntchito matayala amatha kukhala pafupi ndi PEI 5 (zovuta zogonera komanso zamalonda). Nambala ya PEI ya tile ya ceramic ingayambe paliponse kuchokera ku PEI 0 (palibe magalimoto) mpaka PEI 5, koma ndi mawerengedwe ambiri kumapeto kwa msinkhu.
Kuphika Mitsempha ya Tile ndi Kukhalitsa Kwanthawi Yaitali
Dothi lakunja ndi lolimba kwambiri ndipo motero ndi lopanda phala kuposa dothi la ceramic. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mchere ukhale wolimba kwambiri komanso wosakhala ndi chinyezi kuposa matani a ceramic.
Sikuti kansalu kameneka kamakhala kowonjezereka kusiyana ndi matani a ceramic, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi, amaonedwa kuti ndi otalika komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuposa matani a ceramic. Chip ndi tile ya ceramic ndipo mumapeza mtundu wosiyana pansi pamwamba. Chipale chokongola ndi mtundu chikupitirirabe, njira yonse. Zotsatira zake, chip ndi pafupifupi zosawoneka.
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono ndi za ceramic zimatenthedwa pamadera otentha, mapuloteni amathamangitsidwa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso nthawi yaitali kuposa ceramic. Ndiponso, mapaipi ali ndi feldspar yapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba.
Kuthana ndi Kudula
Kuchuluka kwa matayala kuli mbali yabwino ndi mbali yoipa. Ngakhale matani a ceramic ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa matayala a porcelain, ndichinthu chophweka kwambiri kwa eni-eni-eni-eni-eni okha kuti azidula pamanja, pogwiritsa ntchito matalala amchere, kapena ndi wodula matayala . Mwala wamtengo wapatali umakhala wovuta kwambiri ndipo ungafunike kuti munthu adziwe kuti ali ndi chitsimikizo chodula.
Kusiyanitsa kwa Mtengo wa Porcelain vs. Ceramic
Ndi zina zonse zofanana, tile ya ceramic ndi yotchipa kusiyana ndi matayala a porcelain. Tile ya ceramic imayendetsa pafupifupi 60 mpaka 70 peresenti ya mtengo wa tile ya porcelain. Zilembo zonse za ceramic ndi zazing'ono pamwamba pa 15 peresenti ya mndandanda wa mtengo wawo zimakhala pafupi pafupi ndi mtengo. Koma pansipa pa 15% peresenti, mitengo imasiyanitsa kwambiri pakati pa mapepala a porcelaini ndi ceramic.
Pokhapokha ngati pali mitengo yovuta, tile ya ceramic nthawi zonse idzakhala yotchipa kusiyana ndi tile ya porcelain. Zojambulazo zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa kupanga matabwa a ceramic, zomwe zimapangitsa mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri.