Mawu a Zigawo za Mbewu Yotchulidwa
Kujambula grafting ndi njira yokhala ndi zomera ziwiri palimodzi, kuti apitirize kukula monga thupi limodzi. Mawu ochepa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polongosola gawo lirilonse la thupili.
Scion
Scion ndi gawo la chomera chophatikizidwa chomwe chidzabala mphukira. Zidzakhalanso ndi masamba onse, masamba, maluwa, ndi zipatso.
Scion ndilo gawo lapamwamba la chomera.
Ngati imayikidwa pansi pazitsamba pothandizira, zonse zomwe zili pamwamba pa scion zimadulidwa kumapeto. Izi zimalimbikitsa zakudya zonse ndi madzi kuchokera ku chitsa chake kupita ku scion yokula.
Mizu
Chitsa ndi gawo laling'ono la chomera chophatikizidwa, gawo lomwe limapanga mizu yake. "Chitsimikizo" ndi "katundu" amatanthauza "chitsa."
Kawirikawiri, pamwamba pa chitsa chake chiri pafupi ndi nthaka, koma osati nthawi zonse! Pamene zomera "zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba," amatha kuphatikizidwa pamtunda pamwamba pa nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, chirichonse pansi pa kuphatikiza, kuphatikizapo mtengo wa mtengo wakale ndi nthambi, ndi chitsa. Kugwira ntchito popenda mmwamba ndi momwe kulira mitengo yowonongeka: mwa kulira scion pa chitsa chopanda kulira.
Chifukwa Chiyani Scions Amasankhidwa
Scion imasankhidwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino omwe angapereke kwa ziwalo izi. Pali zinthu zambiri, monga maluwa okongola, mawonekedwe apadera monga kulira, kapena zipatso zokoma.
Mu apulo akukula, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa apulo umene umapangidwa umayendetsedwa ndi scion. Ngati mlimi amalumikiza nthambi za mtengo wa 'Jonatani' pamtengo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imapangabe maapulo a Jonathan.
Kunyamulira kumtunda, scions omwe ali nthambi zowonjezera kapena zazikulu zikhoza kukhala zosavuta kugwira ntchito, koma scions akhoza kukhala zinthu zambiri.
Mphukira imodzi ikhoza kukhala scion, yopanga kukula konse kwa nthawi. Kugwira ntchito ndi masamba a mphukira nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "budding," koma budding ndi mtundu weniweni wa kuphatikizidwa.
Chifukwa Chimene Zidzakhala Zozizira
Popeza scion imapanga mbali za zomera zomwe timaziwona komanso ziwalo zomwe timadya ndikuzisangalala, zimakhala zovuta kuti tiwone chifukwa chake chitsa chingakhale chapadera. Nthawi zina, kukhala ndi mizu yosiyanasiyana sikofunika: mumangowonongetsa scion yomwe mukufuna kuti mukhale muzu wa chomera choyenera. Malingana ngati mgwirizano wabwino ungapangidwe, scion yatsopano idzapindula ndi madzi ndi zakudya zonse zomwe zitsulo zakhazikika kale.
Monga woyang'anira nyumba, simungatenge zitsamba zenizeni pokhapokha mutachokapo, koma masitima a zomera zomwe mumagula adzakhala chete pa ntchito yanu. Ndipo pamene muwona mwana akuyamera kuchokera pansi ndikukhala ndi nkhuni kapena maluwa osiyana kuchokera ku mtengo wanu wonse, mudzadziwa chifukwa chake: ndi sucker ya chitsa.
Koma chitsa choyenera chingakhale zoposa mizu basi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizu ingasinthidwe kukhala mtundu wa nthaka yomwe scion yokhayo idzalephera, monga nthaka ya dongo yomwe imasinthidwa ndi rootstocks ya apulo.
Zina zowonjezera mapeyala zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ibale chipatso ndipo yakucha poyamba ("chithunzithunzi"). Ena mphesa rootstocks amasankhidwa kukana parasitic nthaka nematodes.
Mu chitsanzo chotsutsana ndi chitsa cha zothandiza, ambiri apulo rootstocks amasankhidwa chifukwa amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikusunga mbewu yonse yaing'ono. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti maapulo amatsitsidwa pansi, pofika posavuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi m'minda yamaluwa akale omwe mitengo yambiri imakula komanso amafuna makwerero.
Zomera zimapangidwa ndi kufufuza ndi kugulitsidwa kwa amalonda amalonda, osati anthu, kotero iwo amakonda kukhala ndi mayina ochepa achigololo. Chinthu chimodzi chotchuka cha peyala chomwe chimapangitsa mtengo kukhala wochepa ndipo chimatsutsa matenda wamba chimatchedwa OHxF 87®!