Ndi nkhani zodzazidwa ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi Fever Spotted Spverted, Matenda a Lyme ndi mavuto ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhupakupa zomwe zafala padziko lapansi, ndikofunikira kulingalira njira zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.
Matenda a Zaumoyo
Nkhupakupa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'madera otentha ndi amvula, koma ndizovuta nthawi zambiri m'madera ambiri ozizira. Nkhupakupa zonse zimadyetsa magazi a nyama zakubwera-zinyama zomwe zimatentha kwambiri koma nthawi zina nsomba, amphibiya, ndi zokwawa.
Kwa anthu, chizoloŵezi chodyera magazi chimakondweretsa kwambiri-mofanana ndi chomwe chimatchedwa nkhuni nkhuni zomwe zimapanga kachikwama kakang'ono ka magazi pamene zimataya khungu la nyama kapena munthu. Koma mitundu ina ya nkhupakupa imadziwikiranso kuti ndiyizirombo toyambitsa matenda odwala khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo matenda a Lyme, Fever Mountain Spotted Fever, Anaplasmosis, typhus, ndi matenda ena oopsa kwambiri a chiwindi.
Nthawi zambiri abambo amphaka amafuna njira yowonetsera tizilombo m'mayendedwe awo popanda mankhwala opatsirana kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ziweto zawo. Ndipo m'madera omwe matenda a Lyme kapena Rocky Mountain Spotted Spotted ndi vuto, kupha nkhuku m'bwalo lanu kungakhale kokondweretsa kwambiri. M'madera ambiri, wamaluwa amasiya chizoloŵezi chawo chokondweretsa chifukwa amathawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amanyamula matenda a Lyme.
Mfundo Yoyamba ya Tizilombo ndi Mauthenga
Mitikiti ndi mamembala a parasitic a gulu la nyama la arachnid-banja lomwelo lomwe limaphatikizapo akangaude ndi nthata.
Ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Lyme ( Ixodes scapularis ) omwe angathe kutumiza matenda a Lyme, kotero ngati mumakhala m'madera ake (Eastern North America kupita kumtunda wa kumadzulo kwa Midwest), mtundu umenewu ndi nkhawa yanu yaikulu. Ixodes scapularis ikhoza kutengedwera kumalo ako ndi nthenda kapena nyama zina zamphongo, monga ntchentche.
Nthata ndizofala kwambiri kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nkhupakupa."
Zambiri mwazimenezi ndizofunika kulamulira mitundu ina ya nkhupakupa, kuphatikizapo mitundu yomwe ikhoza kutulutsa Fever Spotted Spverted ndi matenda ena.
Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kupha nkhupakupa ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala omwe amatchedwa "acaricide." Monga momwe mungathere kuchokera ku dzina, mankhwala awa adzapha zinyama zina mkati mwa gulu la arachnid-zomwe zingakhale zoganizira ngati mukudabwa za kayendedwe ka mankhwala.
Mitundu Yogwiritsira Tiketi
Malangizidwe othandizidwa ndi nkhupakupa m'mayendedwe amagwera makamaka m'magulu atatu, ndipo angapangidwe pang'ono. Mutha:
- Sinthani khalidwe lanu
- Sinthani bwalo lanu
- Yesetsani kupha nkhupakupa zilizonse zomwe zingakhale m'bwalo lanu
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa njira iliyonseyi kuti tipeze mozama.
Kusintha Makhalidwe Anu
Njira imodzi yomwe mungathe kuchita ndikuteteza nthawi iliyonse mukalowa malo okhala ndi nkhuku-zomwe zingakhale bwino ndi bwalo lanu. Njira zochitira izi zingaphatikizepo:
- Kudzipiritsa nokha ndi otsutsa
- Kudziveka wekha zovala kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi, ndikutenga zowonongeka monga zogwedeza miyendo ya pant pantye mumasiketi anu
- Kuvala zovala zopatsa nkhuni
Kuphatikizanso, mutabwerera kuchoka kwanu, muyenera kuyesa thupi lanu ndi nkhupakupa. Mwina mungafunike kuthandizidwa kuchita izi, chifukwa ndi zovuta kuyang'anitsitsa chapakati kapena mutu wanu popanda thandizo.
Njira izi zili ndi zoperewera, ndithudi. Kupopera ndi kubwezeretsa nthawi iliyonse kumatulutsa nthawi komanso kumakhala kovuta. Kuvala manja ndi mathalauza atalika m'masiketi anu pamasiku otentha ndi osasangalatsa, ndipo mankhwala opopera odzola mafuta angakwiyitse khungu. Mipiritsi yothamangirira yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku thupi kawirikawiri imakhala ndi DEET, mankhwala omwe amatsutsana kwambiri.
Kusintha Malo Anu
Ngati mukuyesa khama lanu kuti muzitha kuika nkhupakupa kuti muchepetse vuto la matenda a Lyme, chimodzi mwa zolinga zanu chiyenera kukhala kusunga nyama ndi nyama zofanana kutali ndi malo anu, kuti asabweretse Ixodes scapularis nawo.
Njira zitatu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kukwaniritsa cholingachi ndi izi:
Kawirikawiri kulankhula, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale malo omwe mumakhala malo omwe nkhupakupa sizingathe kukhala ndi moyo. Mitikiti kwenikweni imasowa zinthu ziwiri:
- Chinyezi
- Munthu wothandizira kuti azidyetsa (kuphatikizapo nyerere, magulu odziwika bwino ndiwo ziweto, makoswe, ndi mbalame)
Mpaka kuti mungathe kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa zinthu ziwirizi, mukhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wa nkhupakupa.
Zosintha zina zomwe zimachitika pazomwe zimapangidwanso zimathandizanso. Mwachitsanzo, mungasinthe bwalo lanu kuti musayambe kutsutsana ndi zitsamba pamene mukuyenda pamsewu. Zowononga zowonongeka zingathenso kutenga ma ticks. Nyumba yowongoka bwino, yokhala ndi zouma ndipo nyama zakutchire sizikhala ndi nkhuku.
Kupha Tiketi
Njira yomaliza, ngati simungasinthe khalidwe lanu kapena malo anu pa digiri yoyenerera, muyenera kuganizira njira zamakiti zopha nkhupakupa. Izi ndi njira yothetsera njira yomaliza kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa cha zoopsa za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ngakhale pali zotchedwa "organic" tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zochepazi zimakhala zogwirizana ndi nkhupakupa. Ndipo ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo ali ndi zotsatira zina zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, iwo angakhale ochepa kwambiri kuposa opangidwa ndi synthetics, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunikira ntchito zambiri. Zimakhalanso zodula kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ambiri ophera mankhwala.
Ngati mufikira njira zothandizira mankhwala a nkhupakupa, muyenera kuganizira ngati mungasankhe mankhwala opangira mankhwala kapena kuyesa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Muyeneranso kulingalira njira zothandizira komanso nthawi yothandizira mankhwala.
Organic Controls
CDC (Center for Disease Control), m'nkhani yomwe ili ndi mutu wakuti "Zokonzera Zokonzera Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilombo," amalimbikitsa mankhwala omwe ali ndi bowa ( Metarhizium brunneum / anisopliae ) monga chogwiritsira ntchito. Mwapadera, CDC imanena kuti izi ndi EPA-zolembedwera, zogulitsa, zomwe zimapha nkhuku zakuda, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa udzu ndi minda.
Mwachitsanzo, pali mankhwala otchedwa Met 52 EC omwe amabwera mu botolo la 8-ounce.
Zokonza Chemical Acaricides
Ngati simukudzipereka kuti mukhale "wachirengedwe," mankhwala omwe amapha nkhupakupa (ndi zina zambiri) ndi Onslaught® FastCap Spider & Scorpion Insecticide. Zogwiritsa ntchito monga Esfenvalerate, Prallethrin, ndi piperonyl butoxide, zimagwira ntchito mwa kusokoneza dongosolo la mitsempha ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malo abwino omwe amagwiritsira ntchito acaricide ali m'mphepete mwa malire, kumene malo angapangidwe nkhuni (matabwa, burashi, etc.) amakumana ndi udzu wanu. Pangani mbali zingapo kumbali zonse ziwiri za malire awo (ndiko kuti, mbali zonse za mitengo ndi udzu). Mwambo umenewu umatchedwa "kupopera kupopera." Nthaŵi yabwino ya chaka kuti muzitha kupopera ndi nkhuku zapachiyambi pa nymphal. Kwa nkhupakupa zam'mimba, izi zikutanthawuza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mu May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June.
Njira Zopopera
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zozirala nkhupakupa. Musanasankhe kuchita nokha, mumalangizidwa kuti muganize kuti mukuyitanitsa. Ophunzira adzakhala ndi zipangizo zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti acaricide apite bwino, ndipo amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala mosamala.
Koma ngati mukufuna kupha nkhupakupa nokha, mungathe kuchita izi:
- An RTU mankhwala (okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito;
- Chida cha RTS (chokonzekera kupopera; chimalowa mu botolo lapampu)
- Mphuno yomwe mumadzisakaniza (gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala anu opopera mankhwala)
Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana muzinthu izi, kotero kusankha kudzadalira pa zomwe mumakonda. Mankhwala omwe mumadzigwirizanitsa nawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi munda wanu wamapiritsi amakhala ndi chiopsezo chokumana ndi mankhwala pamene mukutsanulira ndi kusakaniza, koma izi zikhoza kukhala fomu yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mankhwala okonzeka ndi okwera mtengo, koma amathetsa kufunika kosakaniza mankhwala ndi dzanja. Zokonzeka kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwirizana ndi phula ndi bwino kupopera mbewu zazikulu kwambiri.
Zotsutsana ndi Zakudya
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timabwera ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri, chifukwa udzapha zolengedwa zina kuwonjezera pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito acaricide yomwe imapha nkhupakupa, mwachitsanzo, mudzaphanso akangaude omwe angakhale akudyetsa tizilombo toopsa monga udzudzu. Ndipo mbalame iliyonse yomwe ingakhale ikudya nkhupakupa ndi zina zotsekemera zidzatsutsidwa chimodzi mwazomwe zimadya. Ndipo ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toopsa, mukhoza kukhala mukupha tizilombo tomwe timapindula, monga uchi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Olima munda weniweni ayenera kuganiza mozama kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oterowo.
Zoopsa zaumunthu ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Khalani osamala kwambiri pamene mukusakaniza mankhwala, ndi kuvala maskiki otetezera pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito kotero kuti musapume mumadzimadzi. Opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhoza kuchepetsa mavuto a thanzi laumunthu, koma ndi bwino kuchiza mankhwala onsewa ngati poizoni kwambiri. Mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo omwe nthawi ina ankawoneka kuti ali otetezeka (DDT ndi chitsanzo chimodzi) adatsimikiziranso kukhala oopsa kwambiri.
Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, mungayambe kuyesa njira zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo khalidwe ndi kusintha kwa malo omwe tafotokoza kale. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira, yesani malo omwe mukugwiritsira ntchito kumalo okwerera kumbali yanu, ndipo pewani kufalikira kwa mankhwalawa m'nthambi yanu yonse.