Ubwino wa Kutha feteleza
Zaka zaposachedwapa zakhala zikuwonanso kuti njira yowonjezereka yopangira feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku udzu kapena kumunda kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kugwa, koma m'mapulogalamu ambiri a udzu wachisanu m'nyengo yozizira kumene nyengo yamadzulo ndi nyengo ya dormancy, ntchito yamakono ya fetereza imakalibe analimbikitsa. Kudyetsa mofatsa ku mabedi okongola a m'munda kapena minda ya masamba kungathe kubweretsanso nthaka yomwe yatha kwambiri polima zomera pa nyengoyi.
Ogulitsa akulangizidwa kuti asamamvetsetse bwino zomwe akukambirana kuchokera ku makampani osamalira udzu komanso opanga granular ndi feteleza zamadzimadzi, chifukwa zofuna zawo ndi kugulitsa katundu ndi ntchito. Komabe, kufufuza kwa sayansi payekha kuchokera ku yunivesite kumatsimikizira kuti kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kugwa ndi nthawi zabwino kwambiri kuti manyowa azitsamba.
Kugwa ndi nthawi imene udzu wozizira umatha kuchokera ku zowawa za chilimwe monga chilala, kutentha, ndi matenda. Ngati udzu wagwiritsidwa bwino mochedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kugwa, turfgrass ikhoza kusunga nkhokwe zamagazi mu zimayambira, rhizomes, ndi stolons. Zakudya zapakiteriya zimathandiza udzu kusagwidwa ndi kuvulazidwa kwa nyengo yozizira ndi matenda, ndipo zimakhala ngati magwero amphamvu ku mizu ndi kuwombera kukula m'chaka chotsatira. Kutha kwakumapeto kwa feteleza kumaperekanso bwino nyengo yozizira, kuwonjezeredwa kasupe wobiriwira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mizu.
Nthawi Yomwe Yadzala
Ngakhale nthawi yeniyeni imatha kusiyana chifukwa cha nyengo ndi malo ozungulira nyengo, pempho lomaliza la feteleza liyenera kupangidwa nthawi zina mu November m'madera ambiri - pamene udzu wasiya kukula kapena wapita mpaka penti ya kusowa kutchetcha.
Musati mudikire mpaka nthaka ikhale yozizira, komabe. Mwamtheradi, pakadalibe kukula kwachangu, koma sikokwanira kutchetcha.
Nthawi yoyenera ndi yofunikira. Ngati feteleza ikuyambitsidwira mofulumira pamene udzu kapena munda wamaluwa ukukula mwamphamvu, ukhoza kuitana kuvulazira kwa nyengo yozizira ndi nkhungu ya chisanu mmawa wotsatira.
Musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza ku dothi lakuda kapena chisanu kapena ayezi.
Kodi Ndizofunika Zambiri Zamtengo Wapatali?
Nayitrogeni ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri pa fetereza yopunthira. Mlingo woyenera wa udzu ngati 1 lb. ya nayitrogeni yosungunuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapazi onse 1000, kapena 1.5 kufika 2 lb ya nitrojeni yotulutsika pang'onopang'ono pa miyendo yonse ya mamita 1000. Manyowa okwanira ali ndi chiwerengero cha nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu (K) ndizofunikira kuti mizu ikhale yowonjezereka, hardiness yozizira, kukaniza matenda ndi kuleza mtima. Onetsetsani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi phosphorous (P), chifukwa kuthawa kwa mcherewu kungakhale kovulaza kwambiri mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano wovomerezeka wa feteleza ukhoza kukhala ndi N: P: K ration of 24-4-12 ndi IBDU (Isobutylidene diurea). Pakukonzekera uku, pang'ono nayitrogeni imapezeka nthawi yomweyo ku chomera pamene zina zonse zimakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimapereka pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa udzu.
Malangizo a maluwa ndi maluwa ndi ofanana. Manyowa omwe amadyetsa m'kugwa adzabwezeretsa nthaka ndikukonzekera kubiriwira mwamsanga pamene chodzala chimayamba masika. Minda imakhala bwino ndi njirayi kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Kodi mumadziwa?
Maphunziro ambiri a ku yunivesite atsimikiza kuti eni eni eni ambiri amafufuzira udzu ndi minda yawo. Madzi ambiri a nitrojeni akhoza kukhala owononga zomera kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe, monga manyowa m'munda kapena makina opangira zitsamba m'malo mowagwiritsira ntchito, akhoza kutenga malo ena omwe amapanga feteleza. Kafukufuku wambiri amatha kunena kuti kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudyetsa udzu, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwala kukugwa, kumapanga udzu wabwino kuposa zowonjezera zakale zomwe zimapereka chakudya chambiri kapena chinayi pa nyengo iliyonse yokula, monga momwe opangira feteleza amathandizira.
Maluwa kapena ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezera akhoza kupindula ndi ntchito zochepa za feteleza kusiyana ndi kamodzi kokhulupirira, makamaka ngati zisinthidwe bwino ndi kompositi ndi zina zakuthupi.
Minda yambiri imakhala bwino ndi kudyetsa kamodzi mutangoyamba kubzala ndipo imodzi ikamatha nyengo ikukula, ngakhale zomera zomwe zimabala masamba ambiri kapena zazikulu kwambiri, maluwa ochuluka angafune zambiri.