Mu 1968, Congress ya US inapereka lamulo la Civil Rights Act lomwe linaletsa chisankho chozikidwa pamagulu akulu asanu: mtundu, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena dziko. Ufulu umenewu ndi malamulo a US otsutsa tsankho amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi ufulu wotsatila masankho pamasukulu, malo ogwira ntchito, komanso malo ogulitsa anthu monga mahoteli, malo odyera, malo owonetsera, komanso malo ogulitsira malonda.
Zina mwazimenezo zinali gawo lotchedwa Title VIII, lodziwika bwino ngati Fair Housing Act (FHA). FHA inakhazikitsidwa kuti iteteze anthu pa mtundu uliwonse wa tsankho pochita lendi nyumba, kugula nyumba, kapena kupeza ndalama za ngongole ya nyumba.
Maphunziro Otetezedwa
Thomas Reuters Lamulo lothandiza limatanthauzira gulu lopulumutsidwa ngati gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana chomwe chimatetezedwa mwalamulo kuchisankho cha ntchito chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chimenecho. Maphunziro otetezedwa amapangidwa ndi malamulo a boma ndi boma.
FHA yapachiyambi inali ndi zisanu zokha zomwe zinateteza masewera, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, ndi dziko. Kusintha kwachaka cha 1988, komabe, kunapangitsa kuti akhale ndi umoyo wabwino komanso aumidzi ku masukulu otetezedwa. Pakati pa FHA, boma la boma tsopano likufotokoza asanu ndi awiri "makalasi otetezedwa" chifukwa cha tsankho loletsedwa:
- Mpikisano: Anthu sangathe kuchiritsidwa molakwika chifukwa cha umunthu wa tsitsi, khungu / khungu, ndi nkhope.
- Mtundu: Pamene mtundu ndi mtundu zikupezeka, sizili zofanana. Kusankhana mitundu kumachitika kwa anthu a mafuko osiyanasiyana kapena mtundu wawo ndipo kumaphatikizapo mtundu wa maonekedwe a tsitsi, utoto, mthunzi, khungu, kuunika, mdima, ndi mtundu.
- Chipembedzo: Lamulo ili limateteza anthu omwe ali a zipembedzo zachikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo monga Buddhism, Chikhristu, ndi Chihindu. Zimatetezanso anthu omwe ali ndi zikhulupiriro zina zachipembedzo, chikhalidwe, kapena chikhalidwe.
- Dziko Loyamba: Anthu omwe akuchokera kudziko lina kapena mbali ina ya dziko lapansi amatetezedwa pansi pa lamuloli. Kusiyanasiyana, kumveka, kapena kuoneka kochokera ku fuko lina kumakhudzanso.
- Kugonana: Mkalasiyi imateteza kusagonana ndi kugonana, zomwe ziri zosiyana siyana zokhudza kugonana, chikazi, kugonana, ndi zina. Chitetezo chimaperekedwa kwa amuna onse ogonana mosasamala kanthu za kugonana, chikhalidwe cha transgender, ndi maudindo ena.
- Kulemala: Pamene mukuyang'ana kubwereka, eni nyumba sakuloledwa kufunsa ngati muli ndi chilema kapena matenda (komanso sangapemphe kuti awone zolemba zanu zachipatala). Izi zikuphatikizapo kulemala kwa thupi kapena m'maganizo . Kuwonjezera pamenepo, eni nyumba angakhale ndi malo ogona, ndalama za mwini nyumba, ndipo akhoza kukulolani kuti musinthe zina mwa ndalama zanu.
- Mkhalidwe Wachikhalidwe: Liwu limeneli limatanthauza kukhalapo kwa mwana mmodzi wosachepera zaka 18. Zimatetezeranso chiyembekezo ndi olemba malo omwe ali ndi mimba kapena pokhapokha atalandira ana.
FHA Kusankhana
Zizindikiro zaumwini zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi makalasi sizingakhale maziko a tsankho kwa eni nyumba, ogulitsa nyumba, kapena ogulitsa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kukhala ndi mlandu wa tsankho, ziyenera kusonyezedwa kuti chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi ndi chifukwa cha tsankhu.
FHA yapachiyambi sichiletsa mitundu yonse ya tsankho. N'zotheka, mwachitsanzo, kuti mwini nyumba aziwasankha chifukwa cha ndalama, ndipo palibe chilichonse mu FHA chomwe chimasokoneza chisankho choterocho.
Malamulo ndi anthu amtundu uliwonse, komabe, akhoza kukhazikitsa malamulo awo omwe akuwonjezera ku chitetezo cha FHA. Pali malamulo ena a boma omwe amapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka monga chikhulupiriro, zaka, makolo, chikhalidwe chamanyazi, chidziwitso cha chibadwa, komanso nzika.
Malamulo Otsutsana ndi Nyumba: Kusintha ndi Kuwonjezera
Mu 1988, mutu VIII unasinthidwa ndi Fair Housing Amendments Act, yomwe:
- Kuwonjezera kufotokozera kwa Fair Housing Act pofuna kuletsa tsankho chifukwa cha ulemala kapena waumwini. Lamulo Lopititsanso Lamuloli likuloledwanso kuti pakhale malo omwe anthu akukhalapo akukhalapo.
- Ndondomeko zatsopano zogwira ntchito zogwira ntchito ndi Housing and Urban Development (HUD) zimayambitsa ntchito zowonongeka kwa anthu omwe akuzunzidwa.
- Anakonzedwa ndipo adawonjezera Chilungamo cha Dipatimenti Yachilungamo kuti abweretse chigamulo m'malo mwa ozunzidwa ku makhoti a boma.
Mu 1995, lamulo la Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA) linakhazikitsa lamulo lokhazikitsa mitundu ina ya chisankho kuti anthu azitha kukhala ndi zaka 55 kapena kuposa. Mabungwe oterewa amaloledwa kubwereketsa mabanja omwe alibe okhalamo omwe akugwiritsira ntchito tanthauzo la nzika zakuda. Izi cholinga chake chinali kuteteza kuti anthu achikulire athe kupeza nyumba. Maphunziro ena onse otetezedwa adakali ndi chitetezo chomwecho m'madera omwe amakhalapo 55 komanso akulu kapena 62 omwe akukhalapo.
Kuphwanya Ufulu
Ngati mukuganiza kuti ufulu wanu pansi pa FHA wathyoledwa, pezani fomu ya Pulezidenti Wotsutsa Zokambirana ndikuzilemba pa intaneti. Mukhozanso kulemba zodandaula ndikulembera ku HUD pafupi ndi inu-mpaka chaka chimodzi chitachitika chigamulochi.
Ngati muli olumala, HUD idzakupatsani foni ya TTY yopanda malire kuti mukhale osamva: 1-800-927-9275 . Palinso omasulira, matepi ndi zipangizo za braille, ndi kuthandizira powerenga ndi kumaliza mafomu.
Perekani HUD ndi:
- Dzina lanu ndi adilesi yanu.
- Dzina ndi adiresi ya munthuyo kudandaula kwanu ndi (wothandizira).
- Adilesi kapena zozindikiritsa za nyumba zomwe zikuphatikizidwa.
- Kufotokozera mwachidule za kuphwanya kumeneku (chochitika chomwe chinakupangitsani kuti mukhulupirire ufulu wanu chinaphwanyidwa).
- Tsiku kapena zochitika zotsutsana.