Mawu akuti "kuyeretsa wouma" zovala ndizolakwika. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa zovala m'madzi osungunula kuchotsa dothi ndi madontho.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala mmalo mwa madzi kuyeretsa zovala inayamba ndi Aroma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ammonia atatulutsidwa mu mkodzo kuti ayeretse ubweya wa nkhosa. Kukonza kowonongeka kunasinthika kupyolera muzaka za m'ma 1930 pamene chlorinated solvent, perchlorethylene, inayamba kutsogolera njira.
Ambiri oyeretsa owuma, pafupifupi 80 peresenti, amagwiritsabe ntchito seventrolethylene kapena "perc" lero. Komabe, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) imaona kuti zonsezi ndizoopsa komanso zachilengedwe. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, United States Environmental Protection Agency inayamba kuyendetsa mankhwala oyeretsa owuma komanso kulimbikitsa otsatsa malonda kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malo abwino otetezeka. Izi zinapanga mawu akuti "Green Dry Cleaning".
Kodi Dry Cleaning Cleaning ndi chiyani?
Kuyeretsa kofiira kumaphatikizapo njira ina yowonongeka yowuma yomwe siimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito perc. Mmodzi ndi kuyeretsa konyowa komwe kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri koyeretsa panyumba. Njira zitatu zoyeretsera zobiriwira zimatsatira njira zowonongeka koma zimagwiritsa ntchito carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, kapena azitsulo zopangidwa ndi siliconi mmalo mwa perc. Komabe, mwa mitundu inayi ya kuyeretsa kwina koperekedwa ku United States, awiri okha amaonedwa ngati otetezeka kwa chilengedwe ndi ogula.
Amatsuka kutsuka komanso kuyeretsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Ngati mukuyang'ana kuyeretsa kwabwino, funsani khungu lanu loyeretsa lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa.
Kuyeretsa Kwambiri
Kuyeretsa kwamadzi kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi zitsamba zamakono zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuposa zovala zoyera m'nyumba kuti aziyeretsa zovala.
Oyeretsa madzi ali ndi makina ochapira ndi makina ouma komanso akatswiri ogwira ntchito, opangira zovala ndi kumaliza kupanga zovala zanu kuti ziziwoneka bwino. EPA ikuona kuti ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsera chifukwa palibe "mankhwala osokoneza bongo, osayambitsa zowononga, osayipitsa mpweya, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi ndi dothi." Kusamalidwa kumachitidwa musanayambe kutsuka ndikuyeretsa kuti muzitha kudetsa matayala chifukwa palibe zosungunulira.
Kukonza Mpweya Woipa wa Pakinoni
Chophika cha carbon dioxide (CO2) chimagwiritsa ntchito madzi CO2 monga kusungunula pamodzi ndi detergent. Madzi a CO2 amapangidwa poika gasi losazimitsa komanso lopanda poizoni. Zamadzimadzi CO2 sizowononga ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zakumwa zofewa.
Zovala zimayikidwa pa zomwe zimawoneka ngati makina ochapira mwambo wamba komanso mpweya wozungulira umayamwa. Dyerero yoyeretsera imayikidwa jekeseni ndi carbon dioxide m'magetsi onse ndi mawonekedwe a madzi. Pambuyo poyeretsa zovala, madzi a CO2 amaponyedwa mmbuyo mu thanki kuti agwiritsirenso ntchito.
Njirayi ndi, mwina, yokonda kwambiri zachilengedwe chifukwa CO2 imagwidwa ngati yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale omwe alipo kale. Popeza kuti peresenti yochepa ya CO2 yogwiritsidwa ntchito imatayika mumlengalenga ndi zovala zambiri, zotsatira zake pa kutentha kwa dziko ndizochepa.
Ndondomekoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kusiyana ndi kuyeretsa kwachikhalidwe chifukwa palibe mankhwala osungunulira.
Ngakhale kuti CO2 imachitika mwachilengedwe komanso yotsika mtengo, makina oyeretsa amawononga ndalama zokwana madola 40,000 pokhapokha pokhapokha amawapanga ndalama zotsutsana ndi malonda ang'onoang'ono.
DF-2000 Hydrocarbon Solvent
Oyeretsa ena amalimbikitsa kuti azitulutsa zomera pogwiritsa ntchito zosungira "organic" zomwe zimatchedwa DF-2000. Chotsitsa ichi ndi hydrocarbon yomwe imayenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta. Kupanga mankhwalawa kumabweretsa mavuto okhudza chilengedwe pa zowonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya.
Silicon Based Solvent
Oyeretsa ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsera GreenEarth m'malo mwa perc. GreenEarth kwenikweni ndi mchenga wamadzi (SiO2). Zimagwira ntchito ngati silicone yomwe imachokera kumalo otchedwa siloxane kapena D-5. Siloxane ndi ofanana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa mafuta ndi zonunkhira.
Pamene GreenEarth imatayidwa, imatsikira mumchenga, madzi, ndi carbon dioxide.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti palibe mankhwala omwe amakhudza zovala zanu. Komabe, kupanga siloxane kumagwiritsa ntchito chlorine, yomwe imatulutsa kagajeni ya dioxin panthawi yopanga mankhwala.
Tsogolo lachikulire Kuyeretsa Mwachangu
Dziko la California likutsogolera njira yopita kumalo oyeretsa obiriwira poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito pulojekiti pofika chaka cha 2023. Dziko limapereka ndalama kwa oyeretsa omwe amachokera ku perc kupita ku CO2 kapena kuyeretsa madzi. Malamulo ena akukambirana malamulo omwewo. Fufuzani oyeretsa owuma m'dera mwanu pogwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa konyowa komanso kuyeretsa carbon dioxide.