Aliyense amene ali ndi udzu woumala wagonjetsa mdani wina nthawi ndi nthawi: udzu wouma wamsampha umene umasokoneza kapangidwe kabwino ka udzu wanu, ndipo pokhapokha ngati mutamenya nkhondo, mwapang'onopang'ono mukuwupeza.
Chowopsya ndi chiwombankhanga , gulu la udzu wobiriwira womwe uli wa mitundu ya Digitaria . Mitundu yowonjezereka yowonongeka yomwe ili yovuta ku North America ndi yaikulu kwambiri ( Digitaria sanguinalis ) ndi digitars (Digitaria ischaemum ).
Izi ndi udzu wolimba wamsongole wamtundu uliwonse womwe ukhoza kuyendetsa udzu womwe uli pansi, pansi pa umuna, ndipo umadetsedwa kwambiri-chifukwa chake timayanjana ndi udzu wosanyalanyazidwa. Koma ngakhale udzu wokhala bwino umakhala ndi mavuto nthawi zina, makamaka nthawi ya chilala kapena nyengo yovuta.
A eni nyumba ku North America amamenya nkhondo ndi chaka chilichonse, ndikudziŵa kuti mankhwala abwino kapena mankhwala a udzu amawopsa kuti aphe kapena kuti asatengere mankhwala onsewa.
Magulu a Crabgrass Killers
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka zimagwera m'magulu angapo, zomwe zimafunika kufufuzidwa payekha:
- Mankhwala osakaniza mankhwala
- Selective chemical herbicides
- Osasankha mankhwala herbicides
- Mankhwala othandiza (preemergent)
Kuonjezera apo, kuyendetsa nkhanza nthawi zina sikungokhala kupha konse, koma kukhazikitsa njira zogwirira udzu wathanzi womwe umangolepheretseratu kuti zikhale bwino.
Njira izi zingaphatikizepo:
- Kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu
- Kuthirira molondola
- Kutsekemera bwino
- Kusokoneza nthawi zonse komanso kuyima kwapakati
Tiyeni tiyang'ane njira zabwino ndi zopangira zogwirira ntchito zowonongeka.
Zamoyo, Zopanda mankhwala
Nkhono ndi udzu wokhazikika womwe umakhala wolimba kwambiri kuti ukhale wolimba pa udzu wosasungidwa bwino, makamaka chifukwa umatulutsa mbeu zambiri zomwe zimamera mosavuta ndikuzika mizu m'malo opanda kanthu kapena ochepa m'dzu uliwonse.
Ngakhale mankhwala ochiritsira ndiwo njira zabwino kwa eni eni nyumba, pali njira zothetsera vuto lopanda mankhwala.
Kuchotsa thupi. Zingamveke ngati zopanda ntchito, koma zowonongeka zimatha kuthyoledwa ndi manja, makamaka ngati namsongole sadawonongeke udzu. Njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi ndiyo kuthirira mderalo pafupi ndi tsamba lachitsulo, lomwe limamasula mizu ya udzu. Kenaka, gwirani namsongole pafupi ndi nthaka, ndipo mutsimikizire moleza mtima kumsongole mpaka mutha kuwamasulidwa. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi ndikumayambiriro kwa nyengo isanathetse namsongole. Musagwiritse ntchito mbeu yamaluwa pamsana, chifukwa mbeu imatha kupulumuka pozungulira malo anu mukamadzaza ndi kompositi.
Mbewu ya gluten. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chimanga chamtundu wa gluten kuti zisawonongeke zowonongeka kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, koma tsopano ndi njira yokhazikitsira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mbewu ya gluten imachokera ku makina opanga chimanga, ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ku udzu, imangoteteza mbeu ya udzu kuti isamere komanso imapatsa nayitrogeni wathanzi bwino. Koma dziwani kuti chimanga chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mbeu zonse zisamere, zikuphatikizapo mbeu za udzu zomwe mwangoyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti muzitha kumera.
Ntchito yoyenera ndiyo kuika chimanga cha chimanga pambuyo pa mbeu yatsopano ya udzu yakula ndikuyamba kukula.
Selective Chemical Herbicides
Herbicide yosankha ndi imodzi yomwe imalumikiza namsongole wamsongole - kapena magulu enaake a namsongole-pamene akusiya zomera zina sizikukhudzidwa. Amphawi ambiri a udzu amatha kuonedwa ngati osankhidwa, chifukwa amalingalira kupha namsongole wamaluwa pamene akusiya zomera zochepa, monga udzu, osakhudzidwa. Koma zowonongeka zimagwera m'gulu la zomera zowonongeka, motero "opha njuchi" omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba-pokhapokha atapanga mankhwala osakaniza a udzu.
Ngati mukuyang'ana mankhwala ophera mankhwala omwe amawopsya, yang'anani mtundu wina wa herbicide wakupha msampha kapena wopha msampha wambiri omwe umaphatikizapo imodzi mwa mankhwala otsatirawa, omwe akuwoneka ngati ogwira mtima kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi yunivesite yaposachedwapa a akatswiri ogulitsa ntchito:
- Quinclorac (Dalaivala 75 DF Herbicide)
- Dithiopyr (Dera)
- DSMA (Methar 30)
- FEnoxaprop-p-ehtyl (Acclaim Extra)
Dziwani kuti ambiri opha njuchi omwe akugulitsidwa komanso omwe akupha anthu omwe ali ndi njala amakhala nawo limodzi mwa mankhwalawa. Fufuzani malemba kuti mudziwe kuti ndi chiani chomwe chawonjezeredwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsamba. Komabe, ngati udzu wanu sukusokonezedwa ndi namsongole, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza kwambiri omwe mungagule.
Osasankha mankhwala Herbicides
Mankhwala osasankhidwa amatanthauza mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kupha zomera zonse, osati kumangoganizira chimodzimodzi kapena namsongole. Izi zingawoneke ngati chithandizo chogonjetsa chachitsamba, koma pamene udzu umasokonekera kwambiri ndikukula ndi namsongole, kuwupha ndi kuwukhazikitsa kuchokera pachiyambi nthawi zina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'njira ziwiri: kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapha okha maluwa obiriwira omwe amapezeka ndi mbewu zowonongeka zomwe zimadutsa pammera kuti zisawonongeke, mizu ndi zonse.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa yunivesite alembe zotsatirazi monga zabwino m'kalasi iyi:
Osasankha kucheza ndi herbicides:
- Diquat (Mphoto)
- Pelargonic acid (Scythe)
Osasankha machitidwe a herbicides:
- Glyphosate (Kudutsa Pamwamba)
- Glufosinate-ammonium (Finale)
Kuteteza (Pre-emergent) Kuchiza
Pre-emergent herbicides ndi mankhwala atayikidwa pansi namsongole usanamere. Zapangidwa kuti zisawononge mbewu zatsopano zamsongole kuti zisamere. Kuphunzira kwaposachedwapa ku yunivesite kunaphatikizapo mankhwala otsatirawa monga njira zothandiza zowonongeka:
- Ubwino (Lebanon Balan 2.5G)
- Benefin and trifluralin (Team)
- Bensulide (Bensumec)
- Bensulide + oxadiazon (Goosegrass / Crabgrass Control)
- Dithiopyr (Dera)
- Oxadiazon (Ronstar)
- Pendimethalin (Pre-M, Pendulum, Halts)
- Prodiamine (Barricade)
- Siduron (Tupersan)
Nthawi Yomwe Tiyenera Kuchitira Nkhanza
Zilembedwa pazinthu zopangira mankhwala amapereka malangizo omwe akuchokera pa kuchuluka kwa kafufuzidwe, kotero ngati kuli kotheka kutsatira malingaliro awo mwatcheru.
Kawirikawiri, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Ndizimene zisanachitike, nthawi yake ndi yofunika kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri oyambirira, mwina asanakhalepo ngati zomera zatsopano zikuyamba. Kumadera ambiri, izi zikutanthauza May ndi kumayambiriro kwa June.
- Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito, sungani udzu (ngati dothi louma) ndikutchera.
- Onetsetsani kokha ngati palibe mvula yomwe ili mu chiwonetsero kwa maola 24 otsatira.
- Yembekezani masiku osachepera awiri mutagwiritsa ntchito musanayambe kuyambanso.
Kusunga Lawi Lathanzi
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndikuteteza udzu wathanzi komwe sungapezeke pamalo oyamba. Pulogalamu yowonongeka yopanda chingwe yomwe ikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi zidziteteza kuti zikhale zopanda phindu:
- Kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu . Nkhono zimayamba kukhazikika pomwe malo opanda kanthu, owoneka bwino amapezeka mu udzu wanu. Kubzala mitengo yabwino ya turfgrass kungathandize kuti udzu wanu ukhale wathanzi komanso wathanzi. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu za udzu zimasakanizidwa monga "udzu wamthunzi" zimaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe iyenera kukhala mizu ndi kukula bwino m'madera ouma. Kapena, pitani "mitsinje yapamwamba" yomwe imaphatikizapo mbeu kuti ipange udzu wonse pomwe pali mwayi kapena magalimoto akuluakulu.
- Kuthirira molondola. Chitsamba ndi chomera cholimba chimene chikuchita bwino mu zovuta. Ngati mumasunga udzu wothirira madzi, udzu wofunika kwambiri umakhala wathanzi, wotsekemera kunja.
- Kutsekemera bwino. Udzu wathanzi ndi umodzi umene umapangitsa kuti mbalame zisawonongeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza-zomanga feteleza nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti udzu wanu ukhale wathanzi.
- Kusokoneza nthawi zonse komanso kuyima kwapakati. Udzu wa nkhuku umayenera "kupumira" kuti ukhale wathanzi. Kuchotsa kumangako ndi kukwera kwa udzu wanu zaka zingapo kudzalola madzi, mpweya, ndi zakudya kuti zifike kumtunda wa zitsamba za udzu wanu.