Sankhani Zojambula Zamagulu, Osati Zachilengedwe Nthawi Zonse
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Aphididae . Gululi limaphatikizapo mitundu 5,000 yosiyana, ndi mazana angapo omwe angakhale vuto kwa ulimi ndi kumunda. Nsabwe za m'masamba akuluakulu ndizopangidwa ndi peyala, zoyeza zosakwana 1/8 masentimita m'litali. Nsabwe zapamwamba zowonjezera pazitsulo zimakhala zobiriwira (zophika nsabwe za m'masamba), koma nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezekanso mtundu wa pinki, woyera, imvi ndi wakuda.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsabwe za m'mapiko zikhoza kuoneka pamene zikhazikitso zimakhazikitsidwa ndikuwuluka kuti zitha kulandira zomera zatsopano. Nsabwe za m'masamba aang'ono (nymphs) zimawoneka ngati ang'onoang'ono a akuluakulu.
Momwe Makhalidwe a Nsabwe za M'masamba Amakhalira
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tikukula mofulumira, ndipo tizilombo timayenda mofulumira. Mu munda wamtunda, malo amtundu wa aphid nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi nyerere, zomwe zimadya chakudya cha aphid - chimbudzi chotsekemera chomwe chimabisika ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pamene zimadyetsa. Ofufuza awona nyerere zotenga nsabwe za m'masamba kupita ku zomera zatsopano ndikuganiza kuti nyererezo ndi "ulimi" nsabwe za m'masamba kuti zidyetse uchi. Kunja, nsabwe za m'masamba zimafalikira pakati pa zomera pouluka kapena kukwawa.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimayambitsa kuwonongeka mwa kuyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera ku zomera zatsopano. Amakonda kusonkhanitsa kumapeto kwa zomera ndikudziphatika kwa zofewa, zobiriwira zimayambira. Zotsatira zake, masamba atsopano angawonekere ngati akuphwanyika kapena amathinjika, ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala zoonekera pozungulira tsinde.
Ngati infestation ili yovuta, chomeracho chiyamba kusiya masamba. Pomaliza, ngati nkhumba za mealy, udzu wokhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ukhoza kulimbikitsa kukula kwa sooty nkhungu ndi bowa.
The Aphid Lifecycle
Kunja, mazira a aphid amapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira mwa kukulumikizana ndi kukula. M'chaka, mazira amathyola akazi.
Zikazi zimabereka nymphs popanda kuswana, ndipo nymphs amakula msinkhu kukhala akuluakulu (pafupi masiku khumi). Amuna amaberekera kugwa ndikuyamba kukwatirana ndi akazi kuti abereke mazira pokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Kunja, komabe, palibe nyengo yozizira kubwezeretsa kubereka kwawo, ndipo nsabwe za m'masamba zikhoza kupitiriza kutulutsa nymphs chaka chonse popanda kupuma. Choncho, aphid amatha kutuluka mwamsanga pazitsamba za mkati.
Kupewa ndi Kuchita ndi Nsabwe za M'masamba
Mofanana ndi tizilombo toononga, njira yabwino kwambiri yolamulira nsabwe za m'masamba ndikuteteza. Zomera zamphamvu, zomera zowonjezereka sizingayambe kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha zomera, zofooka, ndi zolemetsa. Monga mwalamulo, ngati muonetsetsa kuti zomera zanu zili bwino, simungathe kukopa otsutsa omwe akukhumudwitsa.
Mukawona nsabwe za m'masamba pazitsamba zanu zamkati, pali njira zambiri zowonetsera, ambiri mwa iwo osakhala mankhwala.
- Sambani. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi amphamvu kuti muzitsuka nsabwe za m'masamba kuchokera ku zomera zanu. Mukhozanso kuwagogoda ndi zala zanu kapena swaboni ya thonje. Izi ndi zabwino kwa zovuta zochepa.
- Sungani m'madzi. Ngati chomeracho chili ndi masamba osakhwima omwe sangalekerere kupopera mbewu, mukhoza kuthira mbewu yonse mumadzi kuti mutenge nsabwe za m'masamba. Tembenuzani chomeracho ndi kuyika gawo la masamba mu chidebe cha madzi oyera otentha.
- Gwiritsani ntchito sopo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sopo zamadzimadzi zimapezeka pamsika (monga Safer's Insecticidal Soap ), kapena mungathe kudzipangira nokha pogwiritsa ntchito detergent monga mbale ya Ivory. Yesani kupeza mankhwala opanda zonunkhira ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingawononge zomera. Sakanizani sopoyo m'madzi ofooka (kuyambira supuni 1 pa galoni ndikukula moyenera). Dulani zomera, ndikuyang'ana pamunsi mwa masamba.
- Ikani mafuta a neem. Mafuta a nthenda amachokera ku mtengo wa neem ndipo motero ndi obiriwira. Gwiritsani ntchito molingana ndi malangizo a label. Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, neem ndi fungicide ndipo imakhala ndi mapindu (kutanthauza kuti mbeu imayimwitsa kotero imatha kuyambitsa tizilombo zomwe sizikugwirizana mwachindunji). Malinga ndi Environmental Protection Association, neem ndi yotetezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zomera komanso zakudya zokongoletsera.
- Gwiritsani ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Cholinga cha tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa chinapangidwa ndi olemba magazini ya Organic Gardening ndipo chafotokozedwa mu Rodale's Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Insect and Disease Control . Pangani batch, pangani 1 babu a adyo, anyezi anyezi 1, ndi supuni 1 ya tsabola ya cayenne mu pulogalamu ya zakudya kapena blender ndikupanga phala. Sakanizani mu madzi okwanira 1 ndipo mukhale ora limodzi. Pewani cheesecloth ndi kuwonjezera supuni imodzi ya sopo mbale. Sakanizani bwino. Kusakaniza kungasungidwe kwa sabata imodzi mufiriji.
- Ikani kuyamwa mowa. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yochepa nthawi, nsabwe za m'masamba zidzaphedwa ngati iwe utavala ndi swabi oviikidwa mu mowa wambiri.
- Kuchotsedwa chomera choonongeka mbali. Mukhoza kudula zigawo za mbeu zomwe zimadetsedwa kwambiri ndikuzitaya panja.
- Misampha yokhazikika. Mapepala kapena mapepala a zomatira atapachikidwa kuzungulira zomera zanu adzamangirira tizilombo tonse omwe timawachezera. Misampha yowonongeka imapezeka pazipinda zam'munda ndi kwa ogulitsa pa Intaneti.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kupeĊµa njira zothetsera mankhwala pamene mungathe, koma ngati kutaya kwakukulu kwa chomera chamtengo wapatali sikukuthandizani, chitani mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi pyrethrins, imidacloprid, kapena pyrethroids. Mwa izi, mankhwala opangira pyrethrin ndi otetezeka, chifukwa ali ndi poizoni wochepa ndipo samapitiriza kwa nthawi yayitali.