Zidzakhala Ziti?
Kawirikawiri gawo limodzi lovuta kwambiri la polojekiti ya sayansi ikubwera ndi lingaliro kapena mutu. Wophunzira wanu akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi pa malo ambiri-botany, biology, chemistry-koma kawirikawiri zimaganizira za zovuta komanso zovuta. Ngati mukuyang'ana sukulu yopanda ndalama yotengera sayansi yoyenera, mutu kumalo opangira zovala. Ngati mulibe zigawo zonse zofunika. mutagula izo ndipo polojekitiyo yatha, mukhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito kusamalira zovala za banja.
Ntchito za sayansizi zingakhale zophweka kwa wophunzira woyambirira wa pulayimale ndipo amaphunzitsidwa ndi aang'ono okha oyang'aniridwa ndi makolo. Kapena, ndi kufufuza kovuta komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyesera, polojekitiyi ingasinthidwe kumsinkhu wa sekondale.
Momwe Makulira Amapangidwira ndi Kufanizira Mapangidwe a Crystal
Ng'ombe zitha kupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'chilengedwe kuchokera ku zipale za chisanu mpaka miyala. Pofuna kupanga chitukuko cha sayansi pafupi ndi makhiristo, wophunzira akhoza kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakristara ndikuyerekeza kukula kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kukula kwake, mtundu wake, ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji. Kafukufuku angapangidwe momwe makina amawonekera ndi chifukwa chake. Kufufuza mosamalitsa kukula kwachithunzi kungatheke ndi galasi lokulitsa kapena microscope yamakono.
Kukula Misozi Yamchere
Ulendo wopita kumalo anu ochapa zovala amatha kupereka zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimabweretsa mtundu wina wamakristasi wodabwitsa : kuchapa bluing ndi ammonia.
Kukula maluwa a mchere ndi njira yophweka ya sayansi yophunzirira kukula kwa kristalo. Ntchitoyi ndi yofanana ndi kupanga mapulaneti a mchere padziko lapansi. Monga madzi amchere amatha, kutulutsa khungu kumachitika.
Munda wa kristalo wamchere umagwiritsa ntchito mofanana - mchere wochuluka umasakanizidwa ndi madzi pang'ono ndipo ndondomeko ya crystallization imapezeka mofulumira kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera pa bluing-kuyimitsa timadzi timadzi toiira timene timapanga madzi-kumapangitsa makristasi kukhala nthiti yomwe ingakule. Izi ndizofanana ndi kukweza mtambo ndi siliva iodide kuti lifulumire kupanga mapangidwe amvula.
Mundawo umapangidwa ndi mchere mutatha kuphatikiza madzi, madzi a bluing ndi ammonia. Ammonia imathandizira kuthamanga kwa madzi kuchokera mu chisakanizo ndipo bluing imathandiza kupanga khungu la kristalo mmalo mwa cristal chunks kapena mbale. Njira yothetsera bluing ndikumangika; imakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe sitingathe kupasuka, koma imapangidwira ndi yolekanitsidwa ndi madzi. Pamene madzi akuthawa, mchere umapanga makristasi pogwiritsa ntchito timadzi timene timakhala ngati mbeu, kapena phokoso la kukula. Madzi osakaniza ndi mchere amachotsedwa pansi pa chidebecho mpaka pamwamba pa mapeyala a capillary, momwemonso madzi amafalikira kupyolera mu siponji. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwonjezere zosakaniza pansi ndikusintha munda wanu ndikukula kwamuyaya. Mukhoza kuyesa mwa kusiya ammonia kapena bluing, kapena kusintha ma ratios mu recipe.
Palibe njira yothetsera mankhwala panthawi ya kukula kwa munda wamchere wa mchere.
Ndi njira yosavuta ya dilution ndi recrystallization kuthandizidwa ndi bluing particles.
Ntchito ya crystal yamchere imatenga masiku osachepera atatu kuti isonyeze kukula kwakukulu kwa makristasi. Kutalika kwa munda kumaloledwa kukulirakulira, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kukula kungapitilire kwa miyezi yambiri.
Mndandanda wazinthuwu ndi wochepa:
- Galasi kapena mbale ya pulasitiki kuti igwiritse ntchito zida zoyambira. Iyenera kukhala ndi malo ophwanyika komanso nthiti.
- Zida za siponji kapena zinthu zina zamapiko kuti zikhalebe. Mungagwiritse ntchito siponji ya khitchini yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, oyeretsa mapaipi, pepala losungira, kapena nthambi za mitengo.
- Zamadzimadzi Bluing
- Table Salt (NaCl)
- Chosankha Chothandizira: Zojambula Zakudya
Kaya mumasankha chinkhupule kapena zinthu zina, onetsetsani kuti mazikowo ndi osayera. Izi zidzathandiza mchere kumamatira kumangidwe.
Konzani maziko ake kuti akhale ndi mfundo zapamwamba ndi zochepa.
Izi zimapangitsa munda wanu kukhala wokondweretsa kwambiri; ganizirani ngati malo. Dziwani kuti chidutswa chilichonse chimakhudza pansi pa mbale kotero kuti imatha kumwa madzi. Muyenera kuika mbale pa nyuzipepala kapena nsalu yakale pokhapokha mutayika. Bluing sizowononga koma imatha kuwononga nkhuni, nsalu, ndi kusiya zala zapuluu kwa masiku angapo!
Zosakaniza zamatsenga ndi mchere (NaCl) ndi zovala zowatsuka zovala (Fe2Fe3 (CN) 6) ndi madzi. Poyamba, yanizani supuni ziwiri za mchere mofanana pamsana. Onjezerani supuni ziwiri zamadzimadzi kuti mukhale ndi mchere wogawanika. Kenaka perekani supuni ziwiri za madzi pa mbale.
Ikani munda m'munda wouma ndipo mulole kuti uime usiku wonse. Mlengalenga amalola kuti chinyezi chisasunthike komanso kutulutsa khungu kumayamba.
Pa tsiku lachiwiri, muyenera kuwona makina ena omwe akuyamba kupanga. Ngati iwo alibe, muyenera kupeza malo owuma pamunda wanu. Mukawona makandulo akuyamba kupanga, yonjezerani supuni ziwiri zamchere pamwamba pa dera lonselo, lolani kuti munda uzikula usiku wonse.
Pa tsiku lachitatu, onjezani zowonjezera matsenga awiri: supuni ziwiri za mchere, supuni 2 za madzi bluing, ndi supuni 2 za madzi. Lolani munda kuti ukhale m'malo owuma usiku wonse.
Ngati mukufuna kuti munda wanu ukhale wokongola, mungagwiritse ntchito mtundu wa zakudya zamadzi. Mulole mundawo ukule masiku anayi kapena asanu kapena mpaka chinyezi chonsecho chikhale chodziwika. Onjezerani madontho ochepa a zokongoletsa chakudya kumadera omwe mukufuna kuwapaka. Mudzawona zina mwa makina akutsuka pamene madzi akuwakhudza. Koma, akamakula, adzakhala mtundu womwe mumasankha.
Kuti musunge munda wanu, ingowonjezerani zamatsenga nthawi ndi nthawi. Yesetsani kutsanulira zowonjezera zamadzimadzi pamakristasi. Khalani m'malo owuma ndipo zidzatha kwa zaka zambiri.
Kukula Makulu a Borax
Ngakhale zofunikira zocheperapo zimakhala zofunikira kuti zikhale ndi kristal yokhala ndi mapulaneti aatalix, omwe ndi phulusa borax ndi madzi otentha. Pamene yankho la borax ndi madzi limakhala supersaturated, makandulo amayamba kupanga.
Zosiyanasiyana monga "mbewu ya m'munsi", kutentha kwa madzi, ndi magulu okhutira adzabala zosiyana ndi makhalidwe mu makina.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire chipale chofewa cha borax kapena mawonekedwe a kuyesera, mungafune kuti mukhale ndi makina osaphweka kuti muphunzire. Mukhozanso kuphunzira kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza momwe asayansi amachitira.
Kuyeretsa Mafuta a Detergent
Pulojekiti ya sayansi yokhudzana ndi ntchito yachapa zovala imatha kukonzedwa m'njira zambiri. Wophunzira akhoza kufanizitsa zogwira mtima za detergent iliyonse pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Kapena, kuyerezerani kupambana kwa detergent pochotsa matayala kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu kapena pa kutentha kwa madzi osiyanasiyana kapena ndi nthawi yosiyana ya nthawi yosamba. Apanso, polojekitiyi ikhonza kusinthidwa kwa wophunzira wa pulayimale kupyolera kusekondale. Kuvuta kumaphatikizapo funso lomwe linaperekedwa, lingaliro lovomerezeka, zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi kusanthula deta yomaliza.
Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yoyamba ya ntchito yotsutsana ndi sayansi yodziyeretsa ngati njira yodumpha kuti mupange luso la sayansi yomwe mukufuna.
Zina zowonjezera maina a polojekiti yoyerekeza yotsutsa ndi:
- Kuyerekeza Zopangira Zokonzeka ndi Zogulitsa Zamalonda
- Kuyerekeza kwa Mtengo Wapamwamba Wotsamba Nsalu ndi Zachikwama Zamtengo Wapatali
- Kuyerekeza za Zachilengedwe Zopangira Zodzoladzola ndi Zofukiza Zophatikiza
Mofanana ndi polojekiti iliyonse ya ntchito ya sukulu, yambani kukonzekera ndikugwira ntchito mwamsanga kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso kuti muzitha kuwonetsera ndemanga yomaliza, yopukutidwa.