Mbalame Anatomy
Tanthauzo:
Dzina (lotchedwa) cloaca ndilo loyamba kutsegulira mbalame zam'mimba, zamakono ndi zoberekera ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa makoya ndi kuika mazira. The cloaca amapezeka kumbuyo kwa thupi pansi pa mchira, yokutidwa ndi nthenga pamtunda kwambiri m'mimba. The cloaca ndi dera la thupi limene lilipo, komanso kugawidwa kwa thupi, kumatchulidwanso kuti vent.
Kutchulidwa:
kloh-AY-kah
(mavimbo ndi "tow bay rah" kapena "pitani kusewera ma")
About Cloaca
Cloaca ya mbalame ndi mapeto a machitidwe ambiri amkati, kuphatikizapo timapepala ta kudya, zosakondera komanso zobereka. M'malo mokhala ndi mbali zosiyana pofuna kutulutsa zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka komanso kuika mazira, cloaca imatumikira zonsezi ngati zikufunikira. M'katikati mwa cloaca pali mapepala angapo a khungu ndi minofu omwe amagawanika chipindacho malinga ndi momwe akufunira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
The cloaca imatha kumapeto kwa mbalame zamagazi, kumene madontho ndi mkodzo zidzasonkhanitsa. Malinga ndi mbalamezi, zonyansazi zikhoza kusungidwa m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana za cloaca, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimasungidwa m'chipinda chamkati chomwe chimakhala ndi zakudya zamchere. Madzi ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka zimasakanizidwa pamodzi ndi kuthamangitsidwa panthawi yomweyo pamene chimbudzi cha mbalame chatsirizidwa .
Kubalana ndi kovuta kwambiri, koma mbalame zamwamuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi cloaca.
Pamene mbalame zili zokonzeka kukwatirana, amuna amasunga umuna wathanzi mu cloaca. Monga mbalame ikukonzekera kukwatirana, kusintha kwa mahomoni kumapangitsa kuti cloaca ikhale yotupa ndikuphulika pang'ono m'thupi. Kuyanjana kumatenga masekondi angapo pa mbalame , pamene amaika okhaokha kotero kuti ma cloacas amatha kugwiritsira ntchito umuna pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi, zomwe zimatchedwa "cloacal kiss". Umuna umasungidwa mu njira yobereka yazimayi kufikira utamangirira dzira, makamaka mu oviduct atatha kudutsa pa mazira a mkazi komanso kudzera mu mazira ake.
Pambuyo pa umuna, albumen ndi mbali zina za dzira zimayikidwa, ndipo dzira limadutsa mmimba mwa vagin ndi kunja kwa cloaca.
N'zotheka kuti mitundu ina ya mbalame ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito cloaca monga gawo la kutentha. Ngati cloaca imatupa ndipo imakhala yotentha, thupi la mbalame likhoza kutenthedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi , mofanana ndi galu akuyenda patsiku lotentha. Phunziroli laling'ono lachitidwa pa ndondomekoyi, komabe, ndi kufufuza kwina kuli kofunikira kuti mutsimikizire ngati cloaca kapena ayi ndi lamulo la kutentha kwa mtundu uliwonse wa mbalame.
Kuwonjezera pa mbalame, amphibians, zokwawa, nsombazi ndi mazirazi ali ndi cloaca, mtundu womwewo wotsegulira zakudya zamakono, zosakondera komanso zobereka.
Chizindikiro cha Mbalame Ndi Cloaca
Cloaca ya mbalame nthawi zambiri imadzazidwa ndi nthenga ndipo sichikhoza kuwonedwa panthawi yochepa. Pamene mbalame ikatulutsa zakumwa zofiira, izo zidzagwada patsogolo pang'ono ndi kukweza mchira wake pamene ikupitirira. Kwa kachigawo kakang'ono kamphindi kachiwiri ka cloaca kawoneka ndipo kakuwoneka ngati khungu lakuda kapena khungu loyera la khungu. Pambuyo popitirira, ma cloaca amachoka pansi pa nthenga za mbalame zowonongeka .
Nthawi zina, kuvulala kapena matenda angayambitse cloaca kuti ikhale yowonekera. Palibe zizindikiro zosiyana pa cloaca, komabe, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikiritsa mbalame zakuya. Nthaŵi zina, mbalame ingakhale ndi nyongolotsi imene imangoyambira pang'onopang'ono, koma mbalameyo imagwedezeka ndi mchira ndipo imasiya chilichonse chogwiritsira ntchito.
Pali nthawi zina, pamene cloaca ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa mbalame zamwamuna ndi yaikazi . Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, malo ozungulirawo amakula ndipo ziphuphu zimatuluka pang'ono kunja kwa thupi kuti zitha kuswana mosavuta. Mbalame zamphongo zimasonyeza kutupa kwambiri, ndipo mbalamezi zimatha kupweteka kwambiri mbalame kuti ziwonetse cloaca kuti idziŵe za mbalame. Zowonongekazi ndi zolemba zina zokhudza mbalameyi, ndipo deta ikhonza kukhala yothandiza kwa othothologists akuphunzira nyengo zakusamba kwa mbalame.
Komanso:
Mphepo