Zizindikiro za Mbalame za Pelagic
Zinyama za m'nyanja ndizosavuta komanso zodabwitsa kwa mbalame zambiri chifukwa zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimadziwika bwino komanso mbalame zomwe zimapezeka kumbuyo . Koma nchiyani chimapangitsa nyanja ya seabird kukhala nyanja?
Mitundu ya Mabwato
Chifukwa cha zinyanja, mwakutanthauzira, zimathera miyoyo yawo yambiri kutali ndi nyanja, zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira ndi zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndi iwo kuposa mbalame zambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyanja zam'madzi zomwe zimachokera ku auks to gannets kupita ku penguin , ndipo palinso mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yofanana, monga cormorants, terns ndi mapula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyanja zamadzi ngakhale kuti si mbalame zowona.
Ngakhale kuti nyanja zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimakhala ndi zofanana zomwe zimadziwika ngati nyanja.
Seabird Geography
Zinyama za m'nyanja zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana kudzera m'madzi otentha, koma zoona zenizeni za mndandanda wawo zonse ndikuti ndizomwe zili phokosola - zimayendayenda kutali ndi nyanja kusiyana ndi kukhala pafupi ndi madera kapena zilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mabwato a m'nyanjayi amatha kupezeka m'madera akutali, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya m'nyanja ingathe kukhala zaka zambiri panyanja popanda kubwerera kunthaka. Akapita kuzilumba kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri amangobereka ndi kulera ana awo, zomwe zingatenge masabata angapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Kunja kwa kuswana, mbalame zam'madzi zimathera miyoyo yawo yambiri pamwamba kapena m'nyanja.
Physiology ya Seabird
Ng'ombe za m'nyanja zimayendetsedwa bwino kuti zikhale ndi moyo m'nyanja zam'madzi, ndipo zimakhala ndi maonekedwe angapo omwe amapatsa mwayi pa moyo m'nyanja zakutali.
Kudziwa kusintha kumeneku kungathandize mbalame kudziwa nthawi yomweyo ngati zikuyang'ana pa nyanja yamadzi.
- Mitundu Yambiri: Mng'oma yam'nyanja yambiri imakhala ndi mvula yambiri yomwe ili mdima pamwambapa. Mtundu woterewu, womwe umatchedwa countershading, umapangitsa kuti mbalame zisawonongeke kuchokera kumlengalenga ndipo zimabisa mbalamezo kuti zisawonongeke.
- Nthenga : Zilombo zakutchire zimakhala ndi nthenga zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi kuposa mbalame zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamadziwe bwino komanso kutsekemera. Mitundu ina yam'nyanja yam'madzi imakhala ndi nthenga zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zothandizira kuti zikhale zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera, monga nthenga zazikulu za penguins zomwe zimawateteza ku kutentha kwa Antarctic.
- Mapazi : Mabwato ambiri ali ndi mapazi otetezeka omwe amawathandiza kukhala osambira amphamvu kapena kuwathandiza kuwoloka madzi kuti apeze mwamsanga kutuluka. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu kuti imathandizenso nsomba.
- Mapiko a Nyanja : Mapiko a nyanja zam'mlengalenga amapangidwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi zofunikira zawo. Kutalika, mapiko ambiri amatha kupangitsa kuti mbalame zam'nyanja ziphuke kwa maola mosavuta, zomwe zimawalola kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi nthaka. Mu mitundu ina, mapiko afupi amathandiza kuti mbalamezo zizikhala bwino komanso zitha kuthawa pamwamba pa madzi.
- Zilonda za Mchere : Nyanja zambiri zimakhala ndi mchere wamchere womwe umatulutsa mchere kuchokera ku chakudya ndi madzi, ndikuwalola kudya ndi kumwa popanda mchere wambiri. Mchere wochulukirapo umatulutsidwa, makamaka pafupi ndi mphuno za mbalame.
- Mutu wa Mutu : Mabwato omwe amasaka mozama m'madzi kudzera m'madzi oyendayenda, monga gannet, amatha kusintha moyenera pamutu wawo kuti asamangidwe kwambiri ndi madzi monga mphamvu, mapepala, mapepala a mpweya ndi mafupa ambiri.
Mchitidwe wa Seabird
Chifukwa cha malo awo apadera, nyanja za m'nyanja zimagwira ntchito yapadera. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe apadera a nyanja za m'nyanja kungathandize mbalame kuyamikira mbalame zam'madziyi ndi zovuta zawo zachilendo ku avifauna .
- Chakudya : Chifukwa cha kumene amakhala, nyanja za m'nyanja zimadya kwambiri nsomba, squid ndi crustaceans. Nyanja zambiri za m'nyanja zimatha nsomba zamagulu kuti zipeze chakudya chophweka kuchokera ku nsomba zowonongeka, ndipo nyanjayi zimadziŵika kuti zimachoka pamtunda.
- Ndege : Mabwato ambiri ali ndi ziphuphu zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kukwera popanda khama pamapiko awo aatali. Kuthamanga kwa mbalame, kuthamanga kwa mbalame za m'nyanja kumatha kuzindikira mosavuta, ngakhale kuti mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka komanso zosavuta.
- Kubereketsa : Mosiyana ndi zokha zosakanikirana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, mabwato ndi azisamba zakutchire ndipo mbeu yosamera imatha kukhala mbalame zikwizikwi. Ambiri a m'nyanja amamera ana awo kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa mbalame zamtunda, ndipo si zachilendo kuti m'nyanjayi ikathamangidwe kuti ikakhale ndi makolo ake kwa miyezi yambiri panyanja. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yosamalira makolo, nyanja zambiri zimalera ana amodzi pa chaka, ndipo anawo nthawi zambiri amakhala dzira limodzi.
- Zamoyo : Ngakhale mbalame ya nyimbo ingakhale ndi moyo zaka zingapo ndipo mbalame yoposa 10 ndi yachilendo, nyanja zazing'ono zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. Nyama zambiri za m'nyanja sizikukula mpaka zitakwanitsa zaka zingapo, ndipo moyo wa zaka 20 mpaka 40 siwodabwitsa.
Mabwatowa ndi apaderadera komanso osiyana, omwe amawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo m'madera awo apanyanja. Mwa kumvetsa zomwe zimapangitsa nyanja yamnyanja yam'madzi, mbalame zimatha kusangalala ndi kuyamikira mbalame iliyonse yomwe imadabwitsa.