Mbalame Yosasunthika

Chigwirizano cha Mbalame Chokhalitsa Chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1918 ndipo mpaka lero ndi limodzi mwa malamulo a United States omwe apangidwa kuti ateteze mbalame. Ndi mgwirizanowu padziko lonse ndi kusintha kwakukulu kuti zikhalepo pakalipano, lamuloli limathandiza kuteteza mbalame kuonetsetsa kuti zinyama zakutchire ndi kusunga kwa mibadwo yonse.

Kodi Mchitidwe Wopita Mbalame N'chiyani?

Migwirizano ya mbalame yothamanga ndi mgwirizano womwe poyamba unalembedwa pakati pa United States ndi Great Britain (kuchitira Canada) mu 1918 pofuna kuthetsa malonda ochuluka a malonda ndi nthenga.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yambiri ya mbalame yomwe idakwera nthawi yokolola inali yofunika kwambiri, ndipo mbalame zikwizikwi zinaphedwa mopanda mwayi. Izi zonyansa zinayambitsa kupanga mabungwe ambiri osungirako zinthu, kuphatikizapo National Audubon Society, koma popanda lamulo lokhazikitsa, ntchito zowononga sizinali zogwira mtima momwe zingakhalire.

Mu 1918, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano umenewu kunaletsa kusaka, kupha, kulanda, kugulitsa, kugulitsa, kutumiza ndi kutumiza mbalame, nthenga, mazira ndi zisa. Chinaperekanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo otetezedwa kuti apatse mbalame malo otetezeka, ndipo idalimbikitsa kugawana deta pakati pa mayiko kuti ayang'anire kusunga mbalame. Nthaŵi zosaka zimayendetsedwa pa mbalame, ndipo njira zothandizira zimaloledwa pamene mbalame zingayambitse mavuto aakulu ndi zofunikira, monga ulimi.

Kusintha kwa mgwirizano woyamba kunaphatikizapo maiko ena: Mexico (1936), Japan (1972) ndi Russia (1976) zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa mu Lamulo loyenda Mbalame lero. Panganoli limasinthidwanso ndikusinthidwa kuti liwonetse kusintha kwa mayina a mitundu ya mbalame kapena kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa mitundu kuchokera ku chitetezo chake.

Mbalame Zomwe Zimakhalako Ndiponso Sizimatetezedwa

Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, mitundu yonse ya mbalame sizitetezedwa pansi pa Mbalame Yosintha Mbalame. Mbalame zomwe zimaonedwa kuti si zachibadwidwe, mitundu yowonongeka ndi anthu (kaya mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadala mwadzidzidzi) sizitetezedwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mbalame za mtundu wa mbalame zomwe sizitetezedwa zimatetezedwanso. Mbalame zosaoneka monga mbalame ya nyumba ndi European starling sizitetezedwa, komabe mbalame zambiri zamasewera monga nkhuku zakutchire , mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya grouse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ptarmigan. Mbalame zomwe zauzidwa kumpoto kwa America, ngakhale zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndipo sizili zowonongeka, sizikutetezedwanso, monga a Himalayan snowcock, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya myna ndi mpheta ya Eurasian .

Monga lamulo, mbalame zapamtunda zomwe zathawa kapena kutulutsidwa sizizitetezedwa, ngakhale pamene zakhazikitsa malo otentha omwe angakhale abwino kwa mibadwo yonse.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mbalame zambiri zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi mgwirizano sizomwe zimasamukira, choncho dzina lakuti "Mbalame Yosasunthika" ndizovuta. Zingathe kutsutsana, komabe, kuti ngakhale mbalame zomwe zimakhala mofanana chaka chonse zimasunthira kukafunafuna chakudya cha komweko, ndipo zimayesedwa kuti zimasamukira kumalo otetezedwa ndilamulo.

Ngakhale kusokonezeka kwa mbalame zomwe zilibe ndipo sizikutetezedwa, mitundu yoposa 1,000 yokhala ndi mbalame tsopano imatetezedwa ndi Mbalame Yosintha Mbalame.

Makhalidwe Ena Okuteteza Mbalame

Mbalame Yosasuntha Mchaka cha 1918 si lamulo lokhalo lothandizira kuteteza mbalame. Mipangano ingapo imayesetsa kuteteza mbalame zina kapena kupereka zowonongeka kwa mbalame zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Kusaka Mbalame Yosasunthika ndi Mtambo Wosungirako Zinthu (1934)
• Chigawo cha Western Hemisphere Convention (1940)
• Mtsinje wa Bald Protection Act (1940)
• Antarctic Treaty (1959)
• Ntchito Yopangidwira Zowopsa (1973)

Lamulo lirilonse lasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti lipereke chitetezo choonjezera ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo pali malamulo ena apadziko lonse ndi apanyumba, malamulo ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza mbalame.

Chilango Chotsutsa Mbalame Yoyenda Mbalame

Ndizophwanya malamulo kuwononga malamulo a Mbalame Yosasunthika, kaya mwachangu kapena mwadzidzidzi.

Mitundu ya kuphwanya ingaphatikizepo:

• Kusaka mwadongosolo kunateteza mbalame
• Kuwotcha mbalame zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosayenera
• Mbalame zoweta zogulitsa monga ziweto
• Kuwononga zisa kapena mbalame zodetsa mbalame
• Kulera mbalame zakutchire monga ziweto
• Kukweza "mbalame" zakutchire ndi cholinga chowamasula
• Kusonkhanitsa nthenga zakutchire, zisa kapena mazira

Zolango za zolakwirazi zingasinthe malinga ndi kuopsa kwake, mbalame zakhudzidwa ndi mbiri ya munthuyo. Kulakwira zolakwika kungabweretse ndalama zokwana madola 500 ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'ndende, pomwe kuphwanya malamulo (makamaka zolakwa zokhudzana ndi cholinga chogulitsa, zogulitsa kapena mbalame zowonongeka) zingakhale ndi ndalama zokwana madola 2,000 mpaka zaka ziwiri m'ndende. Ngati mbalame zingapo zimakhudzidwa, ziganizo zimatha kuponyedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri zowonjezereka komanso ziganizo zambiri za ndende.

Mverani Chilamulo

Kodi mungatsimikize bwanji kuti simukuphwanya lamulo lothawira mbalame? Njira yabwino yosangalalira mbalame mwalamulo ndikumudziwa lamulo ndikulola mbalame zakutchire kukhala zachilendo komanso zaulere. Pewani kugwilitsa kapena kulumikiza mbalame zakutchire kwa cholinga chilichonse, ngakhale ndi zolinga zabwino, ndipo samalani kuti malo anu ndi malo opatulika a mbalame. Ndi njira zosavuta izi, mbalame zokhala ndi malamulo zidzasangalala ndi mabwenzi awo amphongo popanda mantha a zotsatira za malamulo.

Chithunzi - US Capitol © Jeff Gunn