Zomwe Izo Ndi Zitsanzo za Zotsatira
Kusakanizidwa ndi njira yolekanitsa pakati pa anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana (hybridization interspecific) kapena anthu osiyana mitundu omwe amachokera ku mitundu yofanana (intraspecific hybridation). Mbewu yotulutsidwa ndi kusakaniza ikhoza kukhala yachonde, yachonde, kapena yopanda kanthu.
Zomera zimawombera mobwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza kuposa momwe nyama zimachitira. Mtengo wa maluwa kuchokera ku maluwa umafalikira ndipo ukhoza kumera pamaluwa a mitundu ina.
Mitengo ya zomera ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa maonekedwe a nyama, choncho mtundu wamkati wa mbewu wosakanizidwa umakhala wabwino kwambiri.
Josef Kölrueter
Mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira kuphunzira za kusakaniza kwa mbewu anali Josef Kölrueter, yemwe adafalitsa zotsatira za fodya yomwe anayesera mu 1760. Kölrueter inanenanso kuti anthu amatha kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, zochitika zambiri za kusakanizidwa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zalembedwa.
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Kawirikawiri hybrids interspecific ndi wosabala kapena chifukwa china sungathe kusakanikirana ndi mitundu makolo. Nthawi zina nyongolotsi za interspecific zosabisa zimatha kuwirikiza kawiri kawiri kawiri ndipo zimakhala tetraploids (magulu anayi a chromosomes). Mwachitsanzo, magudumu a mkate omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito lero ndi chifukwa cha ma hybridizations omwe amatsatiridwa ndi chromosome kawiri kawiri kuti apange hexaploids zowonjezera (maselo asanu ndi limodzi a chromosomes).
Nthawi zoterozo zinyama zingakhale zatsopano zamoyo zomwe zili zosiyana ndi zina za makolo.
Zitsanzo Zosamalidwa M'zinthu
Zing'onoting'ono zokhudzana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu womwewo zimatchedwa interspecific hybridization (yotchedwanso intra - generic). Zitsanzo zofanana ndi Mule (abulu amphongo ndi akavalo aakazi), Hinny (kavalo wamphongo ndi bulu wamkazi), Liger (mkango wamphamvu wamphongo).
Zindikirani kuti mu mules ndi hinnies, chibadwa chofanana ndi makolo ndi a Equus ndi mu liger, Panthera yake. Zitsanzo zina ndi mtanda wa zulu / abulu zomwe zimapangitsa mwana kukhala wotchedwa zra, mtanda wa kavalo, chifukwa cha zorse, ndi mtanda wa zulu / bulu zomwe zimayambitsa zonky. Zomwe zimachokera pamtanda uwu zikhoza kukhala akuluakulu koma sizikhoza kukhala ndi gametes yabwino. Kawirikawiri amadziwika kuti ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya chromosomes. Mitundu iwiriyi ili ndichitsanzo, abulu ali ndi ma chromosomes 62, mahatchi ali ndi ma chromosomes 64, ndi zina zotero.
Zitsanzo za Interspecific mu Zomera
Mtundu wosakanikirana wamtunduwu ndi mtanda pakati pa zomera mu mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana. Nthaŵi zambiri iwo adzakhala akufanana, koma osati nthawi zonse. Chomeracho chimachokera kapena chosakhala choyipa.
Zokolola zachuma zimakula kwambiri pamene kusakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa kholo limodzi kapena ambiri mu kukula ndi kubereka. Mwachitsanzo, anyamata a anyamata (Rubus ursinus x idaeus) anapangidwa ku Knott's Berry Farm ku California. Zimachokera pamtanda wa mabulosi akuda (Rubus fruticosus), European raspberries (Rubus idaeus) ndi loganberries (Rubus × loganobaccu s ).
Chochititsa chidwi, kusakaniza kwa Interspecific pakati pa mbadwa ndi zomera zomwe zimayambitsa, kapena mitundu iwiri yobaya, nthawizina kumabweretsa mitundu yatsopano, yobereka.