Gaylord Nelson Ikani Malo pa National Agenda
Alibe ndale ambiri omwe anganene kuti ali owona zachilengedwe, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri: Gaylord Nelson, senema wa ku Wisconsin. Ngakhale kuti dzina lake limadziwika bwino kudziko lakwawo chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zomwe wapanga, kwina kulikonse amadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa Earth Day . Kodi moyo wa Nelson unauza bwanji chilengedwe chake?
Moyo Woyambirira wa Gaylord Nelson
Gaylord Anton Nelson anabadwa pa 12th, 1916, m'tawuni yaing'ono ya Clear Lake, Wisconsin.
The Nelsons anali banja labwino, lapakati ndipo anali odziwika bwino mu ndale za m'madera; Agogo a agogo ake a Nelson anali mthandizi wa chipani cha Republican cha Wisconsin, ndipo zokambirana za ndale zinali zachizoloŵezi zosonkhana pamodzi.
Ndalama za Nelson zandale zinapangitsa kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pamene bambo ake anatenga Gaylord kuti aone Robert "La Fighting Bob" LaFolette - mtsogoleri wa Progressive Party - ayankhule kuchokera kumbuyo kwa sitima. Bambo ake atafunsidwa ngati akufuna kuti akhale wandale, Gaylord adayankha kuti, "Inde, koma ndikuopa nthawi yomwe ndimakula Bob LaFollete akanatha kuthetsa mavuto onse ndipo sipadzakhala chilichonse choti ndichite. "
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa chidwi cha Nelson pa zandale zapachilengedwe chinachitika ali ndi zaka 14 pamene anakonzekera kudzala mitengo pamsewu wopita ku Clear Lake. Nkhondo yake inagonjetsedwa, kuphunzitsa Nelson phunziro lofunikira pa kufunikira kwa zokambirana za ndale.
Ntchito Yandale ya Nelson
Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya San Jose State ku California, Nelson adalandira digiri yalamulo kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin mu 1942. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko lonse inali kuphulika ku Ulaya konse ndi Pacific, kotero Nelson adalowa nawo usilikali wa US ndipo adapatsidwa udindo wa lieutenant. Mgwirizano wake, wopangidwa ndi asilikali a African-American, adawona nkhondo pankhondo ya Okinawa.
Atabwerera ku United States, Nelson anathamangira ku Wisconsin State Senate monga Progressive Republican ndipo anataya. Mu 1948, komabe anathamangira ku mpando womwewo monga Democrat ndipo adagonjetsa, akutumikira zaka khumi mu ofesi.
Mu 1958, Nelson anathamangira kazembe ndipo anasankhidwa. Atafika posachedwa, bambo ake okalamba adamufunsa kuti, "Ndiye ukuganiza kuti Bob LaFollete anakulepheretsani mavuto omwe mungagwire nawo pamene mutakhala bwanamkubwa?"
Nelson adadziwika yekha ngati bwanamkubwa mwa kuphatikizapo mavuto azachuma ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. "Ndalama ndi ndalama zothandizira zonse za chilengedwe, osati mbali ina," adatero. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti Wisconsin ndi malo otchuka omwe amapita kukafika ku Chicago, Nelson adakhazikitsa Pulogalamu ya Outdoor Recreation Act, atapereka msonkho wa ndalama imodzi pa ndudu kuti akagule malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku madera oposa milioni a m'chipululu. Anagwiritsanso ntchito nkhanza kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa madzi komwe kunayambitsa zotupa.
Senemaat Gaylord Nelson ndi Earth Day
Mu 1962, Nelson adathamangira ku Senate ya ku America ndipo adagonjetsa, ndipo adachititsa chidwi chake pa nkhani za chilengedwe kudziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti amachititsa kuti ufulu ukhale wovomerezeka, "nkhondo yolimbana ndi umphawi," kukonza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulera, kuthetsa nkhondo ku Vietnam ndi kukula kwa bizinesi komwe amadziwika bwino chifukwa choika zinthu zachilengedwe pamtunduwu.
Mu 1965, Nelson adayambitsa lamulo loyamba loletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo DDT . Anagonjetsa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Agent Orange wofooka kwambiri. Ankawathandiza malamulo otchuka monga Act Wilderness ndi Act Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.
Mosakayikitsa, Nelson ndi gawo limodzi lothandizira kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe ndi kulengedwa kwa Earth Day . Polimbikitsidwa mwachiwerengero cha zionetsero ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse muzaka za m'ma 1960, Nelson adalonjeza mu 1969 kuti pangakhale chiwonetsero chokhala pamtunda kwa padera m'malo mwa zovuta zachilengedwe - komanso m'mawu a Nelson, " Yankho lake linali magetsi. Linachoka ngati zigawenga. "
Tsiku loyamba la Padziko Lapansi linkachitika pa April 22, 1970, ndipo linali lopambana kwambiri, likuphatikizapo anthu okwana 20 miliyoni a ku America.
Mkulankhula tsiku lomwelo, Nelson adalengeza, "Cholinga chathu ndi malo abwino, khalidwe, ndi kulemekezana kwa zolengedwa zina zonse ndi zamoyo zonse.Nkhondo yobwezeretsa ubale wabwino pakati pa anthu, malo ake ndi zamoyo zina zidzatengera kudzipereka kwautali, kosasunthika, zandale, zamakhalidwe abwino, ndi zachuma - kuposa zonse zomwe tachita kale. "
Zaka Zakale za Nelson
Kupambana kwakukulu kwa Earth Day 1970 kunachitika mwambo wapachaka umene ukupitirirabe mpaka lero. M'zaka zotsatira, Malamulo a Madzi Oyera, Federal Pesticides Act, Clean Air Act, Environmental Education Act, Njira Zowendayenda Zachilengedwe ndi National Scenic Trails Machitidwe zinakhazikitsidwa, monga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi ambiri mapulogalamu ena a federal, boma ndi apansi kutetezera chilengedwe.
Mu 1980, Nelson adatulutsidwa kunja kwa ofesi ya Republican yomwe inagwirizana ndi chisankho cha Ronald Reagan. Anakhalabe wolimbikira mu ndale zadziko, kukhala wothandizira bungwe la The Wilderness Society kwa zaka 24.
Nelson analandira Medal of Medal Freedom, ulemu waukulu kwambiri wa dzikoli, mu 1995. Patadutsa zaka 10, adamwalira ndi mtima wodula mtima ali ndi zaka 89. Kuwonjezera pa Tsiku la Dziko, Nelson akukumbukiridwa kudzera mu Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Wilderness ndi Goma Nelson State Park ku Wisconsin.