Wofuna kusamalira zachilengedwe, Teddy Roosevelt anapha nyama ndi zikwi
Theodore Roosevelt ali ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi yomwe imakhudza umunthu wake woposa-moyo. Pulezidenti waku US wa Nobel Peace Prize anali mtsogoleri wa chipululu, komabe anali wotchuka ngati msaki wa masewera. Kodi Teddy Roosevelt anali ndani, ndipo kodi akuyenerera kuti adziŵe ngati wamoyo?
Theodore Roosevelt: Moyo Woyambirira
Atabadwa pa 27, 1858, kukhala ndi chuma ndi mwayi, Roosevelt anali mwana wachiwiri m'banja lachimake ku New York City.
Osauka, mwatsoka, amamuzunza zambiri pa moyo wake; ali mwana, Roosevelt anadwala matenda a mphumu ndi matenda ena ambiri. Ngakhale izi, adalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo adatenga "moyo wovuta" monga njira yothetsera zotsatira za matenda.
Wophunzira wophunzira, Roosevelt anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Harvard College mu 1880 ndipo anakwatirana posakhalitsa. Koma pa February 14, 1884, mzimayi wake wokondedwa anamwalira patangotha maola ambiri. Roosevelt woonongeka analemba m'buku lake, "kuwala kwatuluka m'moyo wanga." Ngakhale kuti anali ndi ndale mu ndale za New York State, anasiya ntchito zake zandale ndi banja lake kuti apite ku Badlands ku Dakota Territory ndikutsata moyo wa ziweto.
Zaka zake ziwiri m'tauni ya Dakota zinaphunzitsa Roosevelt kukwera, chingwe ndi kusaka, ndipo adamupangira chikondi kunja. Nyengo yozizira kwambiri mu 1886-87, komabe, anaphwanya ziweto zake, ndipo Roosevelt anabwerera ku New York kuti alowerenso ndale.
Theodore Roosevelt: Moyo Wandale
Mu 1886, Roosevelt anakwatiranso ndipo anayamba kulengeza za Benjamin Harrison. Pambuyo pa chisankho chake, Harrison anakumbatira Roosevelt kutsogolera US Civil Service Commission, kumene adakhazikitsa mbiri yake ngati mdani wamphamvu wa ziphuphu za ndale. Anabweretsa changu chomwecho pakukonza kusintha mu 1895 posankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti wa New York City Board of Police Commissioners; apolisi ankadziwika kuti anali osokoneza chiphuphu, koma Roosevelt anayesetsa kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu, ngakhale kuyenda pamtunda ndi apolisi.
Mbiri ya Roosevelt monga mtsogoleri wanzeru ndi ndondomeko zandale - komanso mbiri yake m'mbiri yam'madzi - adamupatsa udindo ngati Wothandizira Mlembi wa Navy mu 1897. Pamene nkhondo ya Spain ndi America inayamba chaka chimodzi, Roosevelt (yemwe akukwiya kwambiri adathandizira nkhondo) anapita ku Cuba ndipo anachita nawo ntchito zankhondo zodziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo kutenga San Juan Hill ndi gulu lake la "Rough Riders."
Tsopano wolemekezeka wankhondo, Roosevelt anapambana mosasamala chisankho cha Bwanamkubwa wa boma la New York. Ngakhale kuti chidwi chake chosungira zinthu chinamuchititsa chidwi kwambiri - analetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthenga ngati zokongoletsera zovala pofuna kupewa kupha mbalame - changu chake chotsutsa chiphuphu chinali kumupanga adani ambiri monga mabwenzi. Kuti amuchotsere, adalimbikitsidwa kuchoka ku New York ndi kukamenyana ndi Pulezidenti Wachiwiri ndi William McKinley. Atapambana chisankho cha 1900, mawu a Roosevelt monga vice-presidenti adafupikitsidwa pamene McKinley adaphedwa chaka chotsatira, ndipo Roosevelt, wazaka 43, anakhala munthu wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa onse omwe anakhalapo ku Oval Office.
Pulezidenti Theodore Roosevelt
Kukhala kwake kwa White House sikudapweteke mtima wa Roosevelt chifukwa cha kusintha. Iye adadziwika kuti ndi "mabasi okhulupilira" osaopa kutenga mabungwe ogwirizana kuti athetse mphamvu zawo zosagonjetsedwa.
Anagwiritsira ntchito "pulpit" yake yozunza kuti athandizire ndondomeko zowonjezera thanzi labwino komanso kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha nyama chikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zakudya zina ndi mankhwala. Ankachita nawo ntchito zakunja, ndipo adalandira mphoto ya Nobel Peace mu 1905 pofuna kubwezeretsa nkhondo ya Russian-Japanese.
Koma mwina chopereka chake chachikulu komanso chosatha monga pulezidenti chinali kuphunzitsa njira yosungirako zachilengedwe ku America. Pankhaniyi, Roosevelt adakopedwa ndi akatswiri oyenda zachilengedwe monga John Muir . "Kusamalira zachilengedwe ndi vuto lalikulu," adatero Roosevelt kamodzi. "Pokhapokha tikhoza kuthetsa vutoli lidzatipindulitsa pang'ono kuti tithetse ena onse."
Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Roosevelt anayamba kuyambitsa ntchito yosungirako zachilengedwe m'chipululu chomwe chinali chodabwitsa kwambiri. Anasunga maekala okwana 230 miliyoni - kukula kwa ma Calinias awiri komanso malo a Ohio - monga mapiri a dziko, nkhalango zapadziko lonse, masewera a masewera, zipilala za dziko ndi zina zotero.
Iye adalenga Forest Service ndipo adadziwika kuti Gifford Pinchot, yemwe ndi wodziwika bwino.
Kodi Theodore Roosevelt anali ndi zachilengedwe?
Pambuyo pa ntchito yake, Roosevelt - yemwe anali wophunzira - anayamba ulendo wautali wa ku Africa ndi anthu ena ambiri. Mbali imodzi ya kayendetsedwe ka sayansi yotengedwa ndi Smithsonian Institution ndipo pang'onopang'ono phwando lalikulu lakunja, safari kapena kuwombera zinyama 11,000, kuchokera ku tizilombo ndi timadontho tambiri mpaka njovu, mvuu ndi nkhanu zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyera.
Akatswiri a zachilengedwe masiku ano sangadabwe kwambiri ndi kuphedwa kwakukulu, koma zovuta kwambiri za Roosevelt zinali zogwirizana ndi zochitika za nthawi yake. (Ngakhale panopo, asaka ndi asodzi ndi amodzi omwe amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azitha kusunga malo.)
Poyesedwa bwino ndi kupambana kwake ku chitetezo chakumidzi ndikupanga chisamaliro choyambirira pa dziko lonse, cholowa cha Roosevelt monga wotsogolera akatswiri a zachilengedwe akuyima bwino. Pambuyo pake ananena za safari yake kuti: "Ndikhoza kuweruzidwa," pokhapokha ngati pali National Museum, American Museum of Natural History, ndi mabungwe onse ofanana ndi sayansi. "
Nthenda yosautsika inapitirizabe kulimbana ndi Roosevelt pazaka zake zapitazo, chifukwa choyesa kupha munthu mu 1912 (iye anatenga chipolopolocho mu chifuwa chake kwa moyo wake wonse) ndi matenda aakulu omwe anatola mtsinje wa 1914 South rafting ulendo . Roosevelt anamwalira ali m'chaka cha 1919 ali ndi zaka 60. Mmodzi wandale wa nthawi imeneyo anati, "Imfa inayenera kutenga Roosevelt kugona, pakuti ngati iye anali atadzuka, pakanakhala kulimbana."