Kuwongolera kwa Tsiku Loyamba la Dziko Lapansi Lopulumutsidwa Patali Patsogolo Kwake
Tsiku la Dziko lapansi linabadwa mu 1970, kudziko lomwe linagwedezeka ndi mikangano yandale ndipo linalimbikitsidwa ndi chiwonetsero chaufulu. Nthawiyi inali-changin ', ndipo kusakayika kwa anthu ndi zochitika zinawatsogolera ku chikondwerero choyamba cha Padziko Lapansi pa April 22, 1970.
Koma mbewu ya Tsiku la Padziko lapansi idabzalidwa zaka zambiri m'mbuyomo pamene akatswiri ochepa a sayansi ndi osamalira zachilengedwe adadziŵa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo ya America - komanso kuwonongeka kwake kwa mpweya ndi madzi - kunali kuwononga zachilengedwe zambiri.
Environmental Movement ndi Earth Day
Mu 1962, Rachel Carson, wosungulumwa wamtendere kuchokera ku famu ya Pennsylvania yomwe inakhala katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo ndi wolemba zachilengedwe, adafalitsa Silent Spring , jeremiad motsutsana ndi kupopera mankhwala a DDT ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo. Powononga kuti ntchito yawo ikufalikira kwa mbalame ndi zinyama, akuyamika kuti amapereka kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe mozama kwambiri.
Zochitika zina m'zaka za m'ma 1960 zakhala zikudziwitsa anthu za chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ku Los Angeles, Mzinda wa New York ndi madera ena a m'matawuni kunafika pamwambamwamba oopsa kwambiri kuti zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu zinalipo mwamsanga komanso zosatsutsika.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kulimbitsa mtima kwa 196 Erinch's seminal 1968 kunagulitsa kwambiri Bomba la anthu , linayesedwa kuti kulima minda ndi nkhalango kuti zikhazikitse malo odyetserako ziweto. Ndipo chifukwa cha tsoka limene anthu adalitchuka kwambiri m'zaka khumi, Mtsinje wa Cuyahoga wa Ohio, umene unadutsa mumzinda wa Cleveland ndi mizinda ina yamakampani, unagwidwa moto mu 1969 kuchokera ku zonyansa zonse zomwe zinkaponyedwa mmenemo nthawi zonse.
Gaylord Nelson ndi Tsiku Loyamba la Dziko Lapansi
Panthawiyi, Senator Gaylord Nelson , a Democrat oganizira za kusunga zachilengedwe kuchokera ku Wisconsin, adayankha kuti apange chitetezo cha chilengedwe poyambirira. Ngakhale mu 1963 iye adalimbikitsa Pulezidenti Kennedy kuti apite ku "dziko loyendetsa," pang'ono mwadongosolo la ndale.
Chaka chomwecho, Nelson adayambitsa lamulo loletsa DDT: palibe membala mmodzi wa Congress amene adalumikizana naye.
Nelson, wosadetsedwa, adazindikira kuti mabungwe angapo ang'ono apindula poyambitsa zochitika zachilengedwe m'deralo. Polimbikitsidwa ndi zochitika izi, komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zionetsero zotsutsa nkhondo ndi "kuphunzitsa-ins" zomwe zinayambira m'dziko lonse, Nelson adaganiza mu 1969 kuti tsiku limodzi loperekedwa ku chiphunzitso cha chilengedwe chikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yothetsera chiwonongeko , kudula mitengo ndi zina zobiriwira pamwamba pa ndondomeko zandale zadzikoli.
Akulankhula pamsonkhano ku Seattle mu September 1969, Nelson adanena kuti kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1970 padzakhala chiwonetsero chachikulu pambali pa zochitika zachilengedwe - komanso m'mawu a Nelson akuti "Kuyankha kunali magetsi. kuchoka ngati zigawenga. "
Anthu a m'dziko lonselo ayenera kuti anali kufunafuna malo oti afotokoze chidziwitso chawo chokhala ndi chilengedwe. Nelson adatulutsanso mndandanda wa tsamba lonse mu The New York Times mu Januwale 1970, kulengeza kuti Tsiku la Dziko lapansi lidzachitike Lachitatu, April 22. Tsikuli linasankhidwa chifukwa cha nthawi yake ndi ndondomeko za ophunzira, nyengo yofunda komanso yopikisana maholide.
Zochitika zapakati pa Tsiku la Dziko
Ngakhale Nelson adathandiza kukhazikitsa bungwe lokhazikika - Environment Teach-In, Inc., motsogoleredwa ndi Denis Hayes, wopondereza wophunzira - kuthana ndi chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa zambiri, senema adaumiriza kuti Earth Day ikhale bungwe pamtunda wamba . Izi zakhala ngati maganizo owuziridwa, chifukwa anthu adayikidwa kwambiri pazokhudzana zokhudzana ndi midzi yawo komanso mabanja awo.
Pa April 22, 1970, kunakhala kosavuta ndi kofatsa, ndikumveka mlengalenga m'madera ambiri m'dzikoli. Mwachiwerengero chochuluka, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 20 anatenga pamsewu, akuposa kwambiri chiyembekezo choyembekeza kwambiri. A Republican, a Democrats, ana a sukulu, ophunzira a koleji, mabungwe ogwirira ntchito, amayi, madokotala, atsogoleri achipembedzo, mabanki, anthu ogwira ntchito pantchito, alimi ndi onse omwe amakhala pakati pa maulendo ambiri, maulendo, mapulano, maumboni ndi zina "zochitika."
Mbiri ya Land Day Resonates
Tsiku loyamba la Padziko Lapansi linkatengedwa kukhala wopsa mtima. Chochitikacho chinali nkhani zam'mbuyomo pafupi kulikonse, ndipo kulengeza kunali kolimbikitsa kwambiri. Chochitikacho chinalimbikitsa maganizo a anthu kuti kufunika kwa nkhani zachilengedwe monga chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zochitika zapadziko lonse. Kwa otsogolera ambiri, Tsiku la Padziko lapansi linasintha kwambiri moyo wawo, pamene kudya kosasamala komanso mafakitale osakonzedwa mwadzidzidzi anadzidzimutsa mofulumira.
Tsiku la Dziko lapansi lasintha, payekha ndi ndale, kwa zaka zoposa 40. Patapita miyezi ingapo kuchitika zochitika zoyambirirazi, Komiti Yowopsya Mitundu, Malamulo a Air Air, Safe Drinking Act Act ndi zidutswa zina zambiri zapadera zidaperekedwa. Mpaka modabwitsa, Earth Day inakhazikitsa chitetezo cha nthaka, mpweya, ndi madzi. Ndipo pamene, mu 1990, Earth Day inapita padziko lonse ngati chochitika chamitundu yonse, dziko lapansi linalandiridwa ndi changu chomwecho monga Achimereka anachitira mu 1970.
Chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwake kosatha kwa kayendedwe ka mtundu wobiriwira ndi zina zowonongeka ndi zachilengedwe, Sen. Nelson - yemwe adatuluka mu 2005 - adapatsidwa ndondomeko ya Presidential Medal of Freedom.