Passer domesticus
Mpheta ya nyumba yotsekemera ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimafalikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, zitayikidwa m'malo ambiri omwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati mitundu yosautsa . Komabe, zodabwitsa zake n'zakuti, chiŵerengero chawo chikuchepa kwambiri m'madera ambiri omwe akukhalapo. Zosungirako zowonongeka ndizofunikira kuti tipewe mbalameyi kuti isatulukire ku nyumba zawo.
Dzina Loyamba : Mpheta Yaikulu, Mbalame Yonse, Chitsamba Chingerezi, Sparrow
Dzina la sayansi : Passer domesticus
Scientific Family : Passeridae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wodalirika komanso wodolola, wakuda mwa amuna ndi imvi ndi chikasu chazimayi
- Kukula kwake : 5-6 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 9-inch, thupi losalala
- Mabala : Black, bulauni, yoyera, buff, imvi
- Zizindikiro : Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka mosiyana . Amuna ali ndi chibwano chakuda ndi ma bibichi omwe ali ndi masaya oyera ndi dzimbiri lofiira ndi utsi wa khosi . Mdima wakuda ndi chifuwa amasiyana kwambiri, ndi achikulire, amuna oposa ambiri akuwonetsa zakuda. Pansi pake pali mdima wofiirira, ndipo nsana ndi mapiko zikuwonetsa mzere wakuda ndi wakuda. Mphungu ndi imvi. Amuna amakhalanso ndi bala limodzi loyera. Zakazi zimakhala zosavuta, ndi zisoti zazikulu, mapiko a bulauni ndi otsekemera ndi nsana. Pa anyamata onse awiri, miyendo ndi mapazi ali otumbululuka ndipo maso ndi amdima.
Amitundu amafanana ndi achikazi akazi koma ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana ndi diso lochepa.
Zakudya: Tizilombo, mbewu, mbewu, zipatso, suet ( Onani: Zokongola )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mpheta za nyumba zinayambitsidwa ku North America m'ma 1850 ndipo zidakhala mbalame zomwe zimafala kwambiri kum'mwera kwa Canada, dziko la United States, Mexico ndi Central America.
Zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana ndi malo okhala mumzinda, kumidzi ndi kumunda koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kutali ndi anthu. Padziko lonse lapansi, mbalamezi zimafala ponseponse ku Ulaya, ku Russia ndi ku Middle East, kuphatikizapo India, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa m'madera ambiri ku Old World.
Nthaŵi zambiri mpheta za nyumba sizingasunthe koma zimatha kukhala osasunthika pofufuza chakudya.
Zolemba:
Mpheta zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ndi mawu ambiri m'magulu akulu koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kuitana kwawo kumaphatikizansopo fluttery "cheep" ndi kumveka mofulumira. Mbalame zazing'ono zingagwiritse ntchito maitanidwe ochepetsera osiyanasiyana kuti akope makolo awo ku chisa.
Makhalidwe:
Mpheta zazing'ono zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu kuti zidyetse ndi kumera, ndipo mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nkhosa zingapo . Nthawi zambiri amadula pansi, akuwombera ndi kukukuta ndi mapazi awo, kapena m'mitengo ndi tchire akufuna tizilombo. Mbalamezi zimatha kukwiyitsa mbalame zina kudyetsa pafupi ndi kulimba mtima pozungulira anthu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa anthu kwachititsa mpheta zapamwamba kukhala zogulira chakudya chokha. Iwo awonedwa akuyang'ana grills za galimoto kwa tizilombo, ndipo adzadyetsa m'mapulasi kufunafuna mbewu zowonongeka ndi tirigu, ngakhale kutenga miyendo ya kavalo kapena ndowe ya ng'ombe. Adzachezeranso milomo ya kompositi komanso njira zina zomwe zingasankhidwe pofufuza chakudya.
Kubalanso:
Nthaŵi zambiri mpheta za nyumba zimakhala zokhazikika ndipo zimamanga zisa zam'madzi m'mapangidwe a padenga, mabokosi odyetsera ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali, kapena amatha kuthamangitsa mbalame zina kuchokera ku zisa.
Chisachi chimakhala ndi udzu, nthambi, udzu, namsongole, nthenga, ndi zinthu zofanana, ndipo mazira owoneka ngati ovunda ndi obiriwira kapena obiriwira omwe ali ndi madontho aang'ono. Mkaziyo amamwa mazira 4-6 masiku 14-18, ndipo makolo onse awiri adzabwezeretsa chakudya kwa ana aamunawa kwa masiku 14-18 mpaka atachoka chisa. Malinga ndi nyengo, mbalame zazing'ono zimagwira awiri awiri pachaka.
Nyumba Zokongola Mpheta:
Kwa mbalame zambiri za kumbuyo, vutoli silikukopa mpheta za nyumba, koma kumawasiya iwo chifukwa ali ochuluka kwambiri komanso amwano. Mpheta za nyumba zimangobwera mosavuta kumalo osambira kapena odyetsa amapereka mbewu zosakaniza, mbewu za mpendadzuwa kapena chimanga chophwanyika , ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale mphetazi sizikuwopsedwa kapena zowonongeka padziko lonse lapansi, zikukumana ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m'midzi yawo.
Kupereka malo abwino odyetsera, chakudya ndi madzi oyera, komanso kukhumudwitsa amphaka , ndikofunika kuteteza mpheta zapanyumba, makamaka m'midzi.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Nyumba Yomaliza ( Carpodacus mexicanus )
- Mtsinje wa Eurasian ( Passer montanus )
- Mtengo Wamtengo wa American ( Spizella arborea )
- Kutulutsa mpheta ( Spizella passerina )
- Spanish Sparrow ( Passer hispaniolensis )
- Mpheta ya ku Italy ( Passer italiae )
- Sind Sparrow ( Passer pyrrhonotus )
- Russet Sparrow (Anthu Oyenda Kumidzi )