Njira Zofunikira Zomanga Deck

Kumanga sitima yanu ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe anthu ambiri amatha kupambana ndipo ena amadandaula nthawi zonse. Mabuku onse alembedwa pa nkhaniyo, ndipo sizomwe muyenera kuyesedwa ngati simukudziwa za luso lanu lopentala. Nkhaniyi ikukufotokozerani mwachidwi ndondomekoyi, potsata mfundo zoyendetsera zomangamanga, koma ndondomeko yowonjezereka ndi zina zomwe mukufunikira kuti pakhale zomangamanga.

Choyamba Choyamba: Makalata ndi Zolinga ndi Kukonzekera

Musanayambe kuganizira za pakhomo , funsani akuluakulu a zomangamanga kuti mudziwe ngati pali malamulo ena ndipo ngati zilolezo zimakhala zofunikira. Mizinda yambiri imakhala ndi malamulo osungiramo malamulo omwe amadziwitse momwe mungakhazikitsire pafupi ndi mizere ya katundu, komanso zofunikira zapamwamba, zothandizira, ndi zowonjezera pazitali ndi masitepe. Ofesi yanu yoyang'anira nyumba iyenera kukhala yoyamba, monga momwe angakufotokozereni momwe mungamangire, kaya mungathe kumanga, ndi kumanganso kumangidwe kwa sitima-zonse zomwe zingakuuzeni ngati mukufuna kumanga. Kodi mudadziwa, mwachitsanzo, kuti mapepala ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mapazi omwe amabwera pansi pa chisanu cha chisanu m'dera lanu? Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunikire kukumba mabowo ndikutsanulira zowonjezera mamita anayi kapena ambiri ngati mukukhala kudera lozizira.

Dziwani kuti kumanga sitimayi - sitima yambiri - idzapangitsani kuchuluka kwa kuthetsa mavuto.

Mukamayang'ana mosamala zonse zomwe mungasankhe ndi mwayi wanu kutsogolo, kuyetsetsa ntchito yanu kudzapita. Mwachitsanzo, kodi sitima yanu idzakhala yokhazikika ku nyumba yanu - kachitidwe ka zomangamanga kamene kakufuna kuti muchoke pambali - kapena zingakhale zotheka kupanga chomasula chanu chokhazikika kuti muteteze vutoli?

Izi ndi zina zambiri ziyenera kuonedwa kutsogolo kuti mupange polojekiti yabwino.

Chitani ntchito yanu ya kusukulu. Pezani ndondomeko yabwino yamapangidwe a mapulaneti anu, kapena werengani mabuku abwino angapo pa nkhaniyo. Pangani zojambula za manja za sitima yomwe mukukonzekera kumanga, ndikuyendetsedwe pamaganizo musanayambe. Nthawi yochulukirapo yowona ntchito yomwe ili pafupi kubwera, ili bwino.

Zida ndi Zipangizo Zofunikira

Nyumba yomanga nyumba ndi ntchito yomanga, ndipo mungafunikire kugula kapena kubwereka zida zingapo ngati simuli nazo kale. Ndipo mndandanda wa zipangizo ndi zochititsa chidwi. Dziwani kuti ngakhale sitima yosavuta ikhoza kukutengerani madola zikwi zingapo mu matabwa, hardware komanso zida zatsopano.

Nazi zida zowonjezera zomwe zimayenera kumanga sitimayo:

• Chiwonetsero chozungulira
• Masamba awona
• Mphamvu yamagetsi yowona
• Fosholo ndi zofukula zam'mbuyo
• Mchere wosakaniza kapena wheelbarrow
• Mlingo wamatabwa
• Wokonza mapalapala
• Caulk mfuti
• Kuwombera ndi bits
• Wrenches
• Hammer
• Tape measure
• Chitetezo cha m'maso
• Kupuma kwa masisiti

Zokhudza zipangizo, mungafunike:

• Chingwe chowala
• Caulk
• Kusakaniza kophatikizidwa konkire
• Gravel kapena wosweka mwala
• Cinder imatseka
• Sakani makapu
• Maziko a positi
• Chiyanjano chachisokonezo
• Otsalira a Joist
• Fomu yamakiti ya kabotoni
• Metal Rebar
• Mitsuko ya HDG kapena zipsera zachitsulo, ndi opaka zitsamba

• Joist hanger misomali
• Zironda zadothi kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena misomali ya HDG

Pankhani ya matabwa, pali zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kuti apereke miyeso yeniyeni kapena kuchuluka kwake. Kukwanira kunena kuti iwe udzafuna zambiri, ndi miyeso yambiri yosiyana, kuphatikizapo 6 x 6 kapena 4 x 4 posts, 2 x 10 kapena 2 x 12s kwa joists ndi matabwa, 2 x 4s kwa mamembala ena, ndi 1x mapangidwe a matabwa kapena mapulaneti osungira pamwamba pa sitima yanu. Apanso, maofesi anu omanga okhalamo amatha kuyeza kukula kwa matabwa omwe mudzafunikira kuzipangidwe zosiyanasiyana zapando wanu.

Ngakhale kuti mapulani a mkati amatha kupangidwa ndi matabwa wamba a pine, mapulojekiti akunja monga phwando amafuna matabwa oyenerera kuti awononge chinyezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamtengo wapatali monga mkungudza kapena redwood chifukwa cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi pini yothandizidwa ndi mamembala ambiri.

Kusintha Kwachiyambi Kwambiri

Mitengo yomwe imapumula pakhomo nthawi zambiri imamangiriridwa kunyumba ndi zitsulo (kapena zikopa zachitsulo). Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi nkhuni zolimba, kawirikawiri mzere wothandizira kapena zidutswa zomwe zili pansi pa nyumbayo. Kwa wosakhala kalipentala, kuchotsa pakhomo pakhomo lanu ndibwino kwambiri. Komabe, pali njira ina yosungiramo zinthu. Maofesi omasuka ndi ntchito yambiri chifukwa mapeto a sitima yowonongeka amafunika kupuma pazithunzi zazithunzithunzi m'malo mophatikizidwa ndi nyumba. Izi zikutanthauza kukuwonjezerani kukumba nokha ndi ntchito yowonjezera. Koma chifukwa cha mtendere wamumtima, njira iyi ingakhale yopindulitsa ntchito yowonjezera. Ubwino wina ndi umene uli m'madera ena, nyumba yomwe siimayimilira pakhomo simukufunikira chilolezo chomanga nyumba.

Mwachiwonetsero chachikulu chomwe chikutsatira, komabe, tilongosola chipinda chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nyumba yokhayokha.

Gawo 1: Kukonzekera Siteyi

Poganiza kuti mwapeza kapena munapanga mapulani a mapangidwe anu ndipo munasonkhanitsa zipangizo zofunika, gawo loyamba la ntchito yeniyeni lidzabwera pokonzekera malo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito timitengo ndi chingwe, tchulani mawonekedwe a sitima pa malo omanga. Ngati sitima yanu idzakhala yosavuta kapena yolekerera, yesani diagonally kuchokera pa ngodya kupita ku ngodya, njira ziwiri; Chigawo chokhala ndi masentimita chidzakhala ndi diagonal ndi miyezo yofanana.

Pogwiritsa ntchito fosholo, chotsani udzu kapena namsongole kuchokera kumalo omwe mukuyezera kuti mupange malo anu ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo pake, musanatseke malo ogwira ntchitowa ndi decking, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mulch pa malowa kuti muteteze namsongole. Koma pakalipano, cholinga chanu chachikulu ndicho kudzipereka ngati malo ogwira ntchito momwe mungathere. Izi zidzakhala zofunikira panthawi yomweyi polojekitiyi mukakumba mabowo a footings kapena pires konkrete omwe adzayenera kuikidwa bwino msinkhu.

Onetsetsani mosamala kumene bwalo lamilandu lidzagwirizane ndi nyumba yanu. Chotsogola ichi chidzachirikiza ndi kuyika mbali ya sitima yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumbayo.

Mzere umene pamwamba pa mutu wa mutuwu uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi msinkhu wa joists wanu, womwe udzakhazikitsa maziko omwe pamwamba pake adzagona. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mutu sikuti uli wokwanira komanso umakhala wofanana. Onaninso zolinga zanu zapamwamba pamene mukufotokozera malo a bwalo lamilandu pakhomo.

Tsopano lembani malo omwe muli nsanamira zapafupi pa malo omanga. Kodi ndi zothandizira zingati zomwe mukufuna, ndi zozama zapamwamba zomwe ziyenera kuchitika, zomwe zikulamulidwa ndi zomangamanga zanu ndi zofunikira pa ofesi yanu yoyang'anira nyumba.

Gawo 2: Yesani Ledger

Bwalo lotsogolera, kawirikawiri bwalo la 2 x 10 kapena 2 x 12 lidzakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji ku nyumba yanu yopanga ndipo idzakhazikitsa mbali yokhazikika ya pakhomo pa nyumba yanu. Ndondomekoyi imachitika monga izi: Chotsani kumbali komwe bwalo lamutu likuyenera kupita. Tuck ikuwombera pansi pa chidutswa chomwe chimakhala pamwamba pa dera lino. Pitirizani kutambasula pansi pambali pa nyumbayo, motsika kwambiri kuti ikhale pansi pamunsi mwa bolodi lazitsulo ikangoyikidwa. Kuwala kumeneku kumatchinjiriza madzi kuti asayambe kuseri kwa kukonza.

Bwalo lotsogolera likuikidwa pazitsulo zokhala ndi zibokosi kapena zikopa zachitsulo. Onetsetsani kuti musindikizire kuseri kwa mzerewu ndi mankhwala kuti muonetsetse kuti palibe chinyezi chomwe chingalowe.

Gawo 3: Sungani Zotsatira ndi Zolemba

Tsopano mutsegula nsanamira zomwe zidzathandiza pazitsulo, zomwe zidzathandizira kwambiri phokosolo.

Lembani mabowo kumalo ozama omwe akutsogoleredwa ndi ofesi yanu yoyang'anira nyumba, kenako tsitsani konkire ndikuyika 6 × 6 kapena 4 × 4 mamita kufupi kutalika. Mauthenga akhoza kulowa mu konkire yokha, koma njira yabwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito makapu a makatoni, kenako amamangiriza zitsulo zamtundu wazitsulo mu konkire yamadzi pamwamba pa mawonekedwe. Mitengo ya matabwa imamangirizidwa ku angwe awa atatha konkire.

Njira iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zigawozo zikhale ndendende, ndipo zimadulidwa pafupipafupi momwe zimakhalira ndi mapulani anu. Omanga ambiri amawona kuti zimakhala zosavuta kuyika zowonjezera poyamba, ndiye nkuzidula zonse mpaka kutalika kwake.

Gawo 4: Sungani Mipando Yothandizira

M'makonzedwe ambiri omanga nyumba, imodzi kapena zingapo zowonongeka tsopano zakhazikitsidwa. Mipando iyi idzapereka chithandizo kwa oists posachedwa. Kawirikawiri, mapepala a joists adzaphatikizidwa pamapeto amodzi ku bolodi lazitsulo ndi mapepala otsekemera ndipo adzapumula kumapeto ena ndi mtanda umene umathandizidwa ndi zilembo zomwe mwangoziyika.

Pali masinthidwe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana pazithunzi ndi matabwa, mosamala mosamala mapulani anu apanyumba panopa. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi yokhala ndi matabwa omwe amamangidwa kuchokera pa awiri x 10s omwe amamanga pamodzi ndikukhala pamwamba pa nsanamira, komwe amachitikirapo ndi zida zitsulo.

M'makonzedwe ena okhwimitsa, mtengowo udzakhala patali mkati mwa nsanja ya pamtunda, kotero kuti chipindachi chikulumikizidwa chimatambasula phokoso mu faneti ya cantilever. Muzinthu zina zadothi, dothi lokha limapanga kunja kwa nsanja, kupanga nsanja yomwe joists ikhoza kuikamo.

Sitima yaikulu ikuluikulu ikhoza kufunika mizere iwiri kapena yowonjezera kuti imuthandize katundu wolemetsa, pomwe zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi chombo chimodzi chokha chothandizira.

Gawo lachisanu: Yesani Joists

Tsopano mutha kukhazikitsa mfundo zapamwamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mkatikati mwazitali zapakati pa khumi ndi ziwiri kapena 16, "kuphatikizapo nkhonya zapamwamba, zomwe zimapanga kunja kwa chipinda. ndi chitsulo joist hangers, pamene mapeto ena akhoza kupuma pamwamba pa chithandizira, kapena, mu mapangidwe ena adzakhazikika ku nkhope ya mtanda.

Onetsetsani kuti zipangizo zonse zitsulo ndi zomangira ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zida zosakanizika ndi zitsulo komanso zotengera zitsulo. Zomwe zimakhala zosakanizika ngati sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito matabwa oponderezedwa, monga mankhwala omwe ali m'nkhalango angawawononge. Onetsetsani kuti mugula zikopa, misomali ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimapangidwira kupirira mankhwala.

Pano, kugawanika kwa maulendo ndi mapulani a matabwa kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi mapulani anu ndi zofunikira pa ofesi yanu yoyang'anira nyumba . Zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono zingapemphe anthu omwe amamanga kuchokera ku 2 x 6 matabwa, pomwe zidutswa zazikulu zingapange 2 x 10 kapena 2 x 12 matabwa. Kutenga mawerengedwe ndi kovuta kwambiri, kotero onetsetsani kuti muwonane ndi ofesi yoyang'anira nyumba yanu pa zofunikira zazithunzithunzi, matabwa, ndi maulendo.

Gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi: Lembani zosankha

Tsopano sitima yanu ikuyamba kupanga ndi kuyang'ana ngati polojekiti yomwe mumayang'ana. Chinthu chotsatira ndicho kulumikiza matabwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 1x 4 kapena 1 x 6 matabwa, kapena amapanga matabwa odulira okhala m'mphepete mwake. Njira inayi pano idzakhala yopangidwa ndi matabwa, omwe amadziwika ndi moyo wawo wautali. Zimakhala zosavuta kumanga mapangidwe apangidwe ndi matabwa oponderezedwa, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zopangira zojambulazo ndi zojambulidwa.

• Zindikirani: malingana ndi kutalika ndi ndondomeko ya sitima yanu, mungasankhe kukhazikitsa masitepe ndi sitima musanayambe kuyika pamwamba.

Mwachizoloŵezi, matabwa odulidwa amamangiriridwa ku joists ndi zikopa kapena misomali yothamangitsidwa mumtundu uliwonse. Komabe, palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "blind blind" kapena mabakoni omwe alipo tsopano omwe amakulolani kuti muphatikize mapepala osungunula popanda kuphwanya nkhope ya matabwa ndi zikopa kapena misomali. Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, onetsetsani kusiya kusiyana pakati pa mapulaneti. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinyalala sizidzagwedezeka pakati pa mabungwe.

Mapeto Otsiriza

Kwazinthu zambiri, kumanga masitepe ndi kumangoyendetsa njanji kudzakhala sitepe yotsatira. Ambiri amatha kupatula malo osungirako mapepala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa masitepe. Ntchito yomanga sitima ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri, makamaka ngati sitimayi ndi yapamwamba, pomwe malo okwera masitepe angafunikire kukhala ndi malo otsika. Mapulogalamu oyendetsa sitima amatha kuphatikizapo njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zojambula, ndi zojambulajambula, koma amaperekanso mwayi wosiyana siyana .

Mutha kukhala wokonzeka kumaliza sitima yanu ndi tsatanetsatane, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumalimbikitsidwa kuti mudikire masabata angapo kuti muthe kumapeto, mpaka matabwa anu atuluke pang'ono. Muyenera kumaliza sitima yanu isanafike nyengo yozizira, koma kulola nkhunizo kuti zikhale zaka zing'onozing'ono zidzakuthandizani kuti zidzatenge udzu ndi kumaliza bwino.