Mchitidwe wodalirika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa feteleza wa udzu m'chaka, wotsatira umodzi kapena awiri panthawi yokula. Ngati mukutsatira ndondomekoyi, cholakwika kwambiri ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yomanga fetereza kumayambiriro kwa masika. Zoonadi, nthawi yabwino yoyamba ntchitoyi ndikumapeto kwa kasupe, monga udzu wobiriwira wayamba kukula mwachangu. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya udzu, udzu ukuika mphamvu muzitsamba, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawiyi kudzasintha mphamvu za zomera kuti zikhale chitukuko posachedwa.
Komabe, funso loti ngati manyowa amatha nthawi zonse komanso kuti ndi liti pamene pamakhala kukangana kwakukulu, monga momwe zokambiranazi zikufotokozera momveka bwino.
Kodi Ndiyenera Kulimitsira Udzu Wanga Ndiponso Nthawi Yanji?
Funso loti ngati udzu uyenera kukhala udzu umayambitsa mkangano wambiri, makamaka pa malo omwe mumayima pazomwe zimakhalapo. Olima munda omwe amafuula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse anganene kuti feteleza udzu sichiyenera kuchitika konse-kapena ngati mutero, muyenera kutenga ululu waukulu kuti muugwiritse ntchito mochepa kuti musapeze mwayi uliwonse feteleza amathamangira mumadzi. Ndipo pali umboni wabwino wotsimikizira kuti malowa, monga kuipitsidwa kwa mitsinje, mitsinje, ndi madzi a pansi pa phosphorous ndi nitrogen omwe amapezeka mu feteleza ndi udzu ndizovuta.
Komabe, ambiri a ife, chilakolako cha udzu wabwino, wobiriwira ndikuti timalola kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kenakake kumadzu athu.
Kwa gulu la anthu, pali njira zodyetsera udzu bwinobwino. Choyamba, mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito mkuta wobiriwira womwe umameretsa udzu kukhala tinthu tomwe timapanga. Akatswiri amatsenga amanena kuti panthawi ya nyengoyi, njirayi imapanga udzu wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri monga ntchito yomanga fetereza.
Ndipo palinso feteleza zomwe zimakhala zachilengedwe zokhazokha zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zakuthupi mmalo mwa mankhwala oyeretsedwa. Izi feteleza zokha (zidzatchedwa ngati) zidzadyetsa udzu wanu bwino, ngakhale kuti ndizochepa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi zakudya zamtunduwu (nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potassium, zofupikitsidwa monga NPK) kuposa feteleza yoyengedwa bwino.
Komabe, anthu ambiri amasankha feteleza yamakina a mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri pa masitolo a hardware, malo akuluakulu ogulitsa nyumba, ndi masitolo ogulitsa. Ogulitsa zinthuzi amachita ntchito yabwino yodziwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwalawa, poyesa kusakaniza kwawo kwa nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mungapeze zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa nyengo yodyetsa nyengo, kumapeto kwa chilimwe , komanso kumapeto kwa nyengo ya "build-builder" . Ndipo mudzapeza zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo fetereza ndi herbicides kapena njira zothandizira kuti azipha namsongole kapena kuziletsa kuti zisamere. Choncho kuwerenga zolemba zamakono n'kofunika kwambiri.
Onetsetsani za feteleza Zofunsira
Kumene muyenera kukayikira malangizi a opanga feteleza, komabe ndi kuchuluka kwake komanso kawirikawiri kazomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo.
Mafuta a feteleza ndi ochepa kwambiri pa fetereza omwe amalimbikitsa. Izi ndi zomveka, pamene akufuna kugulitsa mankhwala ndi kukhala ndi chidwi chowona kuti akugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mwamphamvu. Tsatirani ndondomekozi mosamala.
Udzu wathanzi udzakhala mthunzi wowala bwino. Mukawona udzu womwe uli wakuya, pafupifupi wobiriwira wakuda, ndizowopsa chifukwa umakhala waukulu kwambiri. Mdima wobiriwirawo umachokera ku nayitrogeni wambiri pa udzu, ndipo musanayambe kuyamikira, dziwani kuti pafupifupi feteleza ena athawira m'misewu, mphepo zamkuntho, ndiyeno nkulowa mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Malangizowo abwino: Yambani kuwala, ndipo mwinamwake theka la mlingo woyenera wa feteleza. Mukhozanso kuitananso ngati simukukonda zotsatira. Kwa nyengo kapena ziwiri, mutha kuzindikira bwino momwe zimatengera kuti mukhale ndi udzu wovomerezeka wowala.
Nthawi Yomwe Yadzala
Amayi eni eni eni omwe ali ndi mbali zambiri zakutchire amakhalabe ndi ntchito imodzi yokhala ndi "turf-builder" kumayambiriro kwa kugwa kuti amange mizu, kenako asiye feteleza masika ndi chilimwe chotsatira, kupatulapo nayitrogeni yoperekedwa ndi udzu wa udzu. pamene akupita. Koma eni eni eni ambiri angagwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu awiri kapena atatu pa feteleza pa chaka chimodzi chokula m'katikati mwa nyengo, m'katikati mwa madera kumene kuli kofunikira, ndi ntchito imodzi ya "turf-builder" oyambirira. Nthawi yeniyeni ya izi idzadalira dera lanu, ngakhale, ndi mtundu wa udzu umene muli nawo, choncho funsani munthu ku malo abwino a m'munda kapena pafupi ndi ofesi ya University Extension kuti mupereke malangizo
Kuchulukitsa ntchito ya Spring
Ngakhale kasupe wamakono akulimbikitsidwa ngati gawo la pulogalamu yonse yosamalira udzu, kuzigwiritsa ntchito mofulumira kungathetse pulogalamu yonseyi. Nthawi yozizira msipu "imadzuka" kumapeto kwa nyengo, imayamba kukula msanga pamene mizu ikuyamba kukula ndikupanga nkhokwe (mphamvu). Kuonjezera apo, ngati mwalima mvula yam'mbuyomu, makamaka kumapeto kwa nyengoyi, ntchito yochepa ya feteleza idzapitirirabe, ndikupereka zobiriwira kumapeto kwa nyengo. Kutentha kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kawirikawiri kumalimbikitsidwa ndi makampani opanga feteleza komanso ntchito zosamalira udzu koma osati ndi agronomists ndi akatswiri odzaza madzi.
Choncho, m'malo mopatsa feteleza kumayambiriro a nyengo yachisanu, ndi bwino kuyembekezera mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu (kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May / kumayambiriro kwa June) kutatsala nyengo yozizira isanayambe ndipo udzu ukukula molimba. Izi zikukonzekera udzu m'nyengo ya chilimwe pamene udzayamba kuchepetseratu kupanga mavitamini ndipo imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwezi. Kudyetsa bwino kwa 3 / 4-1.0 lb ya nitrojeni yotulutsika pang'onopang'ono kudzalola kuti chomeracho chikhazikitsenso malo ake oteteza mphamvu (carbohydrate) ndi ma ward kuti zisachotse mavuto a chilimwe, monga chilala, kutentha, magalimoto, matenda, ndi tizilombo. Bungwe la IBDU kapena fetereza lopulumutsidwa pang'onopang'ono limatha kudyetsa udzu kwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri.
Tumizani Kutentha Kwambiri
Udzu wa nyengo yozizira umabala bwino m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndipo ikhoza kubzala nthawi yonse yolima. Koma udzu wa nyengo yozizira umakhala ndi moyo pa nthawi ya chilimwe, komanso kukula kwa feteleza sikuyenera kulimbikitsanso pamene udzu umasokonezedwa ndi kusatetezeka. Udzu wa nyengo yozizira sayenera kuwonjezeranso zopitilira zina kupatula madzi ndi Integrated Pest Management mpaka September. Samalani kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza ku udzu pakatikati pa chilimwe ngati mumakhala nyengo yomwe udzu wouzizira umakhala wabwino nthawi zonse.
Malangizo ochokera kwa akatswiri ambiri a udzu ndikuti "mlingo wochepetsetsa wa feteleza" kuyambira kumayambiriro mpaka kumapeto, pamene mphutsi imakhalabe ndi masabata angapo a kukula mwamsanga dormancy isanayambe, ndi lingaliro labwino, monga Idzamanga mizu yamphamvu yozizira ndipo imathandizira kudumpha udzu mu kasupe. Izi zikhoza kukhala zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo siziyenera kuchitika ndi cholinga chobwezera udzu kumdima wa chilimwe. Kuwongolera kwa chirengedwe kumagwa, ndipo muyenera kuyembekezera kuti udzu ukangoyamba kutayirira.
Kusakaniza Mankhwala Opangira Zodzoladzola
Mankhwalawa amayamba kukhala ndi feteleza-komabe, ndi ochepa chabe ndipo saganiziridwa kuti ndi "kudyetsa" kwathunthu. Manyowa omwe ali mu pre-emergence herbicide amawonjezeredwa kuti asunge kapena kuchepetsa pang'ono kukula mu udzu, pamene herbicide imaletsa chitukuko cha mmera. Zina zowonongeka kale zimakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta pa udzu ndipo kuphatikiza feteleza kumathandiza udzu kukhalabe wamphamvu pamene herbicide ikugwira ntchito.
Pambuyo popanga feteleza
Ndi bwino kugwirizanitsa ntchito iliyonse ya feteleza ndi mvula kapena kuthirira 1/4 "madzi kuti mugulitse mankhwala. Kumbukirani kuti udzu wokhala ndi feteleza wosatulutsa pang'onopang'ono sudzafunikanso kubereka kwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri, ndipo mwina Nthawi yayitali Musamamwe madzi kwambiri kapena musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza musanafike mkuntho wamkuntho, ngati mwayi wa zakudya zomwe zimachokera kumphepo yamkuntho ndi mitsinje.