The Dirt on Soil

Nthaŵi zambiri nthaka imatengedwa ngati malo osangalatsa a maluwa. Ngakhale dothi la munda silidzakhala lokongola kapena losangalatsa monga kusankha zomera, pali dziko lonse lapansi pansi pa Wellingtons lathu lomwe kwenikweni ndi maziko a minda yathu. Olima atsopano amachenjezedwa kuti ayese ndalama ndi khama kuti apititse patsogolo nthaka yawo asanayambe kuganiza kuti akudzala, koma ochepa amadziwa nzeru zomwe akumva mpaka atayang'ana zomera zawo zatsopano zikuvutikira kuti apulumuke ndikufuna chakudya ndi madzi ochulukirapo.

Mu ulimi wamaluwa, mumaphunzira kudyetsa nthaka ndikulola nthaka kudyetsa zomera.

Nthaka yomwe imapezeka mu bwalo lidzakhala pafupifupi 90% mchere wokhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha la 10% lopanda kanthu . Koma imathandiza m "midzi ya tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chowonjezera zinthu zina m'nthaka yanu ndi kupereka chakudya cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amamasula zakudya m'nthaka pamene akusowa mankhwalawo. Tizilombo toyambitsa dothi ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timakhala tizilombo tomwe timapanga nthaka zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yowongoka ndipo imapereka zinthu zambiri zowonongeka. Izi zimapanga zomwe zimatchedwa nthaka yathanzi .

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathiridwa pa zomera adzalowa m'nthaka ndipo akhoza kupha tizilombo ndi tizilombo tokhala mmenemo. Manyowa opangidwa ndi mchere ali ndi mchere, omwe akhoza kupha okhalamo a nthaka komanso kumera m'nthaka ndikuwononge zomera zomwe mukudyetsa.

Ndipo kupanga feteleza sikuwonjezerapo kanthu ku nthaka yobereka.

Kodi Mchenga Wathanzi Ndi Chiyani?

Tikamakambirana za nthaka, timakonda kuganizira zinthu zinayi: mawonekedwe, mapangidwe, pH, zinthu zakuthupi ndi kubereka.

1. Maonekedwe a dothi

   Maonekedwe a nthaka amatanthauza kukula kwa nthaka particles.

   Mchenga: Mchenga uli ndi tinthu tambiri tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mchenga umamverera bwino komanso chifukwa chake umamwa bwino kwambiri. Mchenga sungagwirizane mosavuta.

   • Siliva: Silt particles ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mchenga, koma imakhala yosaoneka mofanana.
   • Kuwombera: Mbalame ili ndi zazikulu zazikulu za particles zomwe ziri pafupi. Mapaketi ophikira mosavuta, osasiya mpweya kapena madzi kuti asunthe.
   • Sandy Loam: Sandy loam amaonedwa ngati munda wabwino kwambiri ndipo umaphatikizapo kusakaniza zinthu zitatu. Komabe, musathamangire kugula mchenga kuti muwonjezere ku dongo lanu kapena mosiyana. Kusakaniza mchenga ndi dongo kukupatsani simenti. Pali zambiri ku equation kuposa kungoyanitsa nthaka nsalu.

1. Chilengedwe cha Dothi

   Maonekedwe a nthaka amatanthauza momwe nthaka imagwirira pamodzi. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kudziwa momwe thupi lanu lilili poyesera. Finyani dothi lochepetsetsa mu mpira m'manja mwanu. Ngati mutawombera mpirawo ndi chala chanu ndipo umasweka, ndiye mchenga. Ngati pang'ono kupanikizika kuswa izo, mukuchita ndi silt. Ngati ikukhala apo ngakhale mukuputa, muli ndi dothi. Onetsetsani kuŵerenga molondola kwa chiwerengero cha mtundu uliwonse m'nthaka yanu, yesani kuyesera kosavuta.

   Maonekedwe abwino a nthaka ndi otupa. Izi zimalola mizu ya zomera kuti ikhale njira yawo kupyolera mu iyo, mpweya ukhoza kudutsa ndi madzi, koma osati mwamsanga kuti zomera sizingathe kuzipeza. Ngati mungafune kuyesa momwe nthaka yanu imakhalira, yesetsani kuyesedwa kotereku . (Yachiwiri mwa Zowoneka Zinayi Zosavuta Kuzidziwitsa Zozama za Nthaka.)

   Pali njira ziwiri zoyenera kukonzetsera nthaka ndi nthaka.

   1. Malo okhala

   2. Zinthu Zofunikira . Nkhani yamoyo imathandiza mtundu uliwonse wa dothi. Kompositi , nkhungu za masamba, ndi manyowa zonse zimawonongeka. Amamasula ndi kulemeretsa nthaka ndikupatsa chakudya cha tizilombo tokha.

   Mukhoza kumasula nthaka ndi kumanga ndipo nthawi zina izi ndi zofunika. Koma kulima kungathe kuwononga nthaka ndipo imapha tizilombo timene timakhalamo. Kukonza nthawi zonse si njira yabwino kwambiri.

3. Nthaka pH

Nthaka ya pH ndiyeso ya acidity yanu (kuvuta, chiwerengero cha pansi pa 7.0) kapena alkalinity (kukoma, chiŵerengero chapamwamba kuposa 7.0), ndi 7.0 kukhala osalowerera ndale. Mitengo yamaluwa ambiri imakonda pH kumalo osalowerera ndale. Zomera zina ndizofunikira kwambiri pazofunikira zawo. Lilacs ndi clematis zimakula bwino mu dothi lokoma. Rhododendrons ndi blueberries ngati pH yochepa. Mungathe kusintha pH m'malo osiyanasiyana a malo anu.

Kawirikawiri, ngati zomera zanu zikukula bwino, pH yanu mwina ndi yabwino. Ngati mbeu zanu zikukhala ndi vuto la zakudya zam'mimba kapena sizikula mwamphamvu, ndi bwino kuyesa pH yanu. Ngati dothi la pH silili pambali yolandirira zomera zomwe mukukula, zomera sizidzatha kupeza zakudya m'nthaka, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mukudyetsa.

Mukhoza kugula mitundu yambiri ya oyesa pH m'munda wamaluwa. Mukhozanso kutengera chitsanzo ku ofesi ya Cooperative Extension yanu , kuti muyesedwe kuti mupereke mayina. Mukadziwa zomwe pH yanu ili, mukhoza kuyamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Mukuwonjezera mtundu wina wa laimu kuti mukhale ndi pH ndi mawonekedwe a sulufule kuti muchepetse. Ndi mtundu wanji komanso kuchuluka kwake kumadalira nthaka yanu ndi zotsatira za mayesero. Lipoti lanu lakutulutsidwa ndi makiti ambiri oyesera adzakuuzani zoyenera kuchita mutapeza zotsatira zanu.

Kuonjezera mandimu kapena sulfure kusinthasintha nthaka pH sikukonzekera mwamsanga. Zitha kutenga miyezi kuti ubweretse kusintha kwa pH ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kubwereza nthaka yanu kuti iwonetsetse kuti siibwerera ku pH yake yakale.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kuti musinthe zomera zanu kuti zigwirizane ndi pH yanu.

• Zinthu Zofunikira

  Nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri m'munda, ndi zopusa kuti musagwiritse ntchito. Sipadzakhalanso munda wamtundu wopanda organic matter. Zomera zakuda ndizo momwe zomera zimadyetsedwa mu chilengedwe. Mwamwayi, takhala okongola kwambiri ndipo timakonda kuchotsa zinthu zakufa zomwe zimagwera pa udzu. Zingakhale zopindulitsa kwambiri kulola masamba ogwawo kuti athamangire ku tchire, kumene sangathe kudyetsa nthaka, komanso amalepheretsa kutentha kwa nthaka ndi kudula nthaka.

  Cholengedwa chamoyo chinawonjezeranso munda wa nthaka bwino nthaka imapangidwanso ndikudyetsa tizilombo tizilombo. Mitundu yaing'ono yopindulitsa yomwe nthaka yanu ingakhoze kuthandizira, zamoyo zochepa zochepa zidzapulumuka. Amuna abwino amadyetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga nematodes ndi matenda ena obadwa ndi nthaka. Amatulutsanso zakudya zawo m'nthaka akamwalira. Choncho, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'nthaka, zimakhala zowonjezereka m'nthaka. Ndipo mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zakuthupi imapanganso zowonjezera zowonjezera za nthaka ku kusakaniza.

  Nkhani yamoyo imakhalanso ndi zidulo zomwe zingapangitse mizu yachitsulo kukhala yowonjezereka, yowonjezeretsa madzi ndi zakudya zake, ndipo ikhoza kusungunula mchere m'nthaka, ndikuisiya kuti ikhale ndi mizu ya zomera.

  Mitundu ya Nkhani Yopangidwira

  • Kompositi ndi poster mwana wa organic matter. Kompositi ndi mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu zowonongeka. Mutha kudzipanga nokha kapena kugula ndi thumba kapena galimoto. Kumaliza kompositi amawoneka ngati nthaka yolemera. Ndi mdima ndipo ndikununkha ndi fungo lapadziko lapansi. Panthawi yomwe kompositi yophika komaliza imatha, mbeu zamsongole, bowa ndi zina zosafunika zomwe zakhala zikulowa mu kompositi yanu ya manyowa, siziyenera kukhala zothandiza. Kompositi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku minda yanu nthawi iliyonse, mwina itatembenuzidwa mu nthaka kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito monga nsalu kapena kumwamba.

    Pamene akulangizidwa kuti mupitirizebe kusamalira namsongole, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zomera zomwe zimatuluka mu kompositi yanu ya kompositi.

  • Grass clippings

  • Masamba

  • Garden Waster (kuchokera ku weeding, deadheading, kudulira ...)

  • Zamasamba Zamasamba

  • Chiwombankhanga

  • Udzu

  • Pepala

• Manyowa Okalamba ndi manyowa omwe ali ndi mavitamini. Manyowa a ziweto ayenera kukhala okalamba kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, asanafike pamunda. Manyowa atsopano adzawotcha zomera zanu, akhoza kukhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse matenda kuti asagwirizane nawo ndipo amanyeketsa. Mutha kuwonjezera manyowa watsopano ku mulu wa kompositi ndipo mulole kuti ufike pamenepo.

  Ng'ombe, nkhosa ndi nkhuku ndizo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, koma pali zambiri. Manyowa omwe amapewa chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali nawo kwa anthu ndi awa: cat, galu, nkhumba ndi manyowa.

• Manyowa Obiriwira Manyowa otentha amafunika kubzala mbewu zomwe zimakula ndi cholinga chowabwezeretsa kunthaka. Mwachiwonekere, izi zikhonza kukhala zothandiza kwambiri m'munda wa ndiwo zamasamba kapena mu bedi lomwe langopangidwa kumene kumene kulima sikungapweteke zomera zomwe zimakhalapo kosatha.

• Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya masamba imapanga ubwino wosiyana. Zina, monga nyemba, zimakula chifukwa cha mizu yawo ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswa ndi kumasula nthaka. Nthanga, clover, ndi vetch, amatha kutenga nayitrojeni mumlengalenga ndikukumasula m'nthaka kudzera mu mizu yawo. Ngati aloledwa kuti afalikire, clover makamaka imakondweretsa mungu ndi tizilombo topindulitsa. Mitengo yonse yobiriwira idzalepheretsa namsongole ndi kuteteza kutentha kwa nthaka ndi zakudya zowonjezera m'madera omwe sangawonongeke. Ndipo onse amathandizira pakupanga dothi labwino la nthaka ndi chakudya cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kamodzi akamamera ndikuyamba kuwonongeka.

  Zosankha zapamwamba pa manyowa wobiriwira ndi monga: kuwononga kwa pachaka. balere, buckwheat, clover, tirigu wachisanu ndi winter rye.

• Utsi wa Nthaka

  Zakudya m'nthaka yanu ndi gawo lomalizira pomanga nthaka yathanzi. Mofanana ndi anthu, zomera zimadalira zakudya zina kuti zikule ndi kuteteza matenda. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza angapangidwe kuchokera ku zomera, zinyama kapena zamchere ndikubwezeretsa zomwe zidatengedwa m'nthaka. Manyowa a feteleza amamasulidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomera zimakhoza kudyetsa monga momwe zikufunira. Palibe kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'mapangidwe a nthaka zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito ya microbial.

  Kumanga nthaka yathanzi ndi njira yopitilira. Pogwiritsa ntchito dothi lokhala ndi thanzi labwino pakuyamba kupanga munda, mutha kuyamba mutu pakupanga munda wodalirika wokhalitsa.

  Werengani zambiri za ulimi ndi chilengedwe mu Zomera Zokonza Maluwa.