Kunja kumanga nyumba zambiri ku US ndi maiko ena ndizopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zitsulo, zodzaza ndi kutsekemera ndi kumaliza ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, njira zamakono zakale zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito zipangizo zachilengedwe, monga udzu bale, chikho ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo akubwezeretsanso ngati njira zabwino zowonjezera omanga nyumba. Mwina simungadziwe zambiri za zipangizozi zowonjezera, komabe kuposa theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito dziko lapansi kumanga nyumba zawo.
Nyumba Zowonongeka
Kuyambira ku Africa ku Paleolithic Era, zomangamanga za udzu zinayamba kutchuka ku Midwestern United States chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Ndizotsutsana ndi mphepo ya prairie, ndipo nyumba zambiri izi zikuyimabe. Udzu ndi zowonongeka kuchokera ku ulimi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatenthedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa ubwino wa mpweya. M'malo mwake, ming'alu amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndi kupangidwanso kuti apangire katundu wokhala ndi makoma kapena kugwira ntchito pakati pa miyambo ndi zida.
Mabala a tirigu, oats, rye, balere ndi mpunga amamangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo matabwa, waya, waya kapena nsungwi. Kawirikawiri amadzipangidwira m'mizere yolimba, yomwe ndi yowonekera kwambiri njerwa. Maziko okwezeka ndi chinyezi ndizofunikira, chifukwa madzi ndi mdani nambala imodzi ya udzu. Mabala a balere si abwino kwa nyengo yam'mvula, komabe denga lamtambo lalikulu limathandiza kuteteza bales mvula yamkuntho.
Zovala za stuko, pulasitiki, simenti kusakaniza kapena dothi mkati ndi kunja zimateteza kwambiri.
Nyumba za Cob
Mosiyana ndi makina a udzu, njira ya chimbudzi sichiphatikizapo magulu awiri. M'malomwake, chimangidwe cha dongo, dziko lapansi, mchenga, madzi ndi utoto wautali wautali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzanja. Ndipotu, "mphuno" ndilo liwu la Chigriki lakutanthauza kuti "mtanda" kapena "misa." Wales, England imatchuka chifukwa cha nyumba zake zazitali zomwe zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1500, ndipo zambiri mwazinthuzi zapulumuka nthawi yoyesa.
Mchitidwe wa ntchito umakhala wosangalatsa (ganizirani kusewera mumatope pamene munali mwana), koma ndiwopseza: omanga amakoka chisakanizo ndi dzanja ngati mtanda ndikuwongolera ndi mapazi opanda kanthu ngati akupanga vinyo. Chifukwa cha zipangizo zamakono zamakono, ndondomekoyi ingakhale yosavuta. Makoma a kakombo amakhala olemera mamita awiri, ndipo mawonekedwe azithunzi a njira iyi yomanga amalola kupanga zomangamanga zokha kuphatikizapo makoma ozungulira ndi otsetsereka komanso kumanganso mazenera. Kuti muwone chitsanzo chabwino cha nyumba ya khola, pitani ku blog ya Brian Liloia. Anakonza njira yomanga nyumba yake ku Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, ndipo ndalama zokwana madola 3,000 zokha zinali zokwana!
Zomangira Nyumba Zapadziko
Mofanana ndi njira ya chimbudzi, nyumba zam'madzi zimamangidwa kuchokera ku nthaka yonyowa pokhala ndi dothi, mchenga ndi miyala. Maonekedwe a nthaka ndi ofunikira, ndipo simungagwiritse ntchito dothi lililonse. Ngakhale kuli koyenera kugwiritsira ntchito dothi kuchokera kumalo omwe nyumbayo idzamangidwire, pali vuto la dzenje lomwe likusambira (aliyense akusambira). Kuti apange makoma, nthaka yosakaniza imaphatikizidwa ndipo imapangidwe mu mawonekedwe a plywood. Ogwira ntchito achotsa mafomu, akuwulula makoma apansi, okongoletsa. Asanayambe kuchiritsa, antchito amatha kupukuta pamwamba ndi waya kuti awonjezere kapangidwe kawo, kapena kuti achoke pamtunda.
Mapulogalamuwo amatha kusinthidwa, kuwonjezera njira imeneyi.
Makoma ozungulira dziko lapansi amakhala oposa mapazi, koma angakhale aakulu kwambiri: imodzi mwa zitsanzo zotchuka kwambiri ndi Khoma Lalikulu la China! Njira yomangayi imayenda bwino mmadera ozizira kusiyana ndi njira zina zadothi, ndipo mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sealant kuti mutetezedwe. Ngati mukukumana ndi nyengo yozizira, gwiritsani ntchito kusungunula kwa kunja. Makoma ozungulira dziko lapansi ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kwambiri ndipo angakhale ngati katundu wonyamula makoma. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zitsulo zamitengo kapena zipangizo zina monga nsungwi, ndipo zitsulo ndizofunika kuti zitsegulidwe.
Ganizirani njira imodzi yokha yomanga nyumbayi ingakhale yabwino kwa nyumba yanu yamtsogolo? Taganizirani za ubwino ndi zopweteka zomwe ambiri amagawana nazo:
Zotsatira
- Zowonjezeredwa, zipangizo zachirengedwe zimapezeka pompano ndipo zimakhala zowonongeka
- Ndalama zomangamanga zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomangamanga
- Mipanda imatulutsa mawu ndipo imakhala ngati "kutenthetsa," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa m'nyumbamo kukhale kotentha mwa kutenthedwa masana ndiyeno n'kumasula pang'onopang'ono kutentha usiku wonse
- Antchito osadziŵa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzitsira
- Tizilombo tomwe timakhala timeneti timakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa pa zinthu zadothi kusiyana ndi zomangamanga
- Kukula kwa khoma kumapereka mwayi wopanga malo okhala, yosungirako ndi zokongoletsa
- Zolinga kwa iwo amene akufuna kukhala "kuchoka pa gridi" (mwachitsanzo, osati kudalira pa ntchito zothandiza anthu)
Wotsutsa
- Ngakhale zipangizozi ndizowonjezereka, zimakhala zofunikira kuti dothi likhale lolimba kuti liziteteze ku zinthu zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kupanga
- Kupeza makontrakta odziwa bwino kapena omanga angakhale ovuta, ndipo ntchito ndi yotsika mtengo ngati simukuzichita nokha
- Kukhazikitsa malamulo omanga ndi kovuta, monga kupeza ndalama
- Nyumba zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, omwe angakhale abwino kwa ena, koma osati onse: ganizirani ngati mukufuna kukonzanso zam'tsogolo
- Mabomba ndi magetsi a magetsi ndi ovuta kuyendetsa kudutsa makoma ouma, olimba, kotero iwo ayenera kukhala pansi kapena makoma akumkati
Kuwerengedwera:
Mangani ndi Zinthu Zachilengedwe
Nyumba Zowonongeka
Bukhu la Buku: Straw Bale House
Pena paliponse pa intaneti:
Kuvina Rabbit Ecovillage
Fraw Bale
Cob
Kulimbitsa Dziko