Polioptila caerulea
Gnatcatcher wofala kwambiri kumpoto kwa America, mbalame yofiira imakhala yolimba kwambiri yomwe imakonda kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa imakhalabe masamba okongola, koma mbalame zomwe zimadziwika bwino ndi mbalamezi zimamva nyimbo zosiyana siyana za mbalamezi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zowonongeka kuti ndiwone mbalame.
Dzina Loyamba: Buluu-Grey Gnatcatcher, Little Mockingbird
Dzina la sayansi : Polioptila caerulea
Scientific Family : Polioptilidae (kale Sylviidae )
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wamtundu, wakuda kapena wakuda-wakuda, wokwanira kukula kwa mbalame
- Kukula kwake : 4.25-4.5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 6-6.5-inch, mchira wautali, miyendo yaitali, khosi lalifupi
- Mabala : White, wakuda, buluu-imvi, imvi
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi zofewa zofiirira kwambiri ndipo mutu umasonyeza mphete yonyezimira yoyera komanso diso loyera lakuda lomwe limakwera pamwamba pa ndalamazo. Mapikowa ndi amdima, ndipo pansi pake ndi owala kwambiri. Mchira wakuda uli ndi nthenga za mchira. Mayi ali ofanana koma alibe nsowa lakuda ndipo ali ndi nthenda yambiri kusiyana ndi amuna, ndi mvula yomwe imakhala imvi kuposa buluu.
Maofesi ali ofanana ndi akazi akuluakulu.
Mitundu ndi yambiri.
Zakudya : Tizilombo, mphutsi, akangaude, mbozi ( Onani: Zosokoneza )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Amunawa amafuna malo otseguka kuchokera kumapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi kumbali ya kummawa kwa mapiri awo kupita ku nkhalango zowonongeka ndi nkhalango zapinyon-juniper kumadzulo.
Masamba a Oak ndi madontho a zitsamba zakutchire ndi oyenerera a gnatcatcher a buluu.
Mbalamezi ndi anthu okhala m'dera lakum'mwera kwa California komanso kumapiri a Baja, komanso m'madera ambiri a Mexico omwe ali kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Yucatan. Zaka zonsezi zimayendanso ku Gulf Coast mpaka ku Florida, komanso kumpoto m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic mpaka ku North Carolina.
Othirira nsalu za buluu amapezedwanso chaka chonse ku Bahamas.
M'chilimwe, mbalamezi zing'onozing'ono zimayambira kumpoto ndipo zimapezeka ku California, Nevada ndi Utah kumadzulo, ndipo kummawa kumawonekera kummawa ndi pakati pa Texas komanso ku Oklahoma, kum'mawa kwa Kansas, Iowa, kum'mwera kwa Wisconsin ndi kumbali yonse ya kum'maŵa kwa United States. Ngakhale kuti akugawanika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sapezeka ku Madera Akutali kumene kulibe mitengo yamatabwa yoyenera.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimauluka kumwera kwenikweni ndipo zimapezeka kumadzulo kwa Mexico ndi ku Central America komwe kumadzulo kumadzulo kwa Honduras. Amaonanso ku Cuba ndi m'madera ena a ku Caribbean.
Zolemba:
Izi ndi mbalame zamkokomo zambiri zomwe zimamveka kusiyana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa, komanso zolemba zawo za "speee" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida 3-4 zimapanga nyimbo yosiyana, ngakhale zizindikiro zosiyana zimasiyana. Kuimbira kumakhala ndi khalidwe lamanyowa, ndipo ena ochita zida zankhanza ndi mbali ya mawu a mbalamezi. Amuna akamenyana, ndalamazo zimamveka.
Makhalidwe:
Izi ndi mbalame yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimakhala zokhazokha kapena zimapezedwa pawiri. Zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri pamene zimayenda m'mapiri apamwamba a mitengo kukunkha ndi kukwatira tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawomba mchira wawo kutseguka ndi kutsekedwa kapena kumbali.
Pamene tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timameza, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatha kugunda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ku nthambi ndikuvula mapiko awo tisanaidye. Amuna angakhale achiwawa kwambiri ndipo adzathamangitsa mbalame zazikulu kutali ndi malo abwino odyetsa kapena malo odyetsa.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosiyana kwambiri ndipo amuna ndi akazi amagwira ntchito pamodzi kupanga chisa chooneka ngati chikho kuchokera pamwamba pa mtengo, ngakhale kuti zisa zina zimapezeka kwambiri. Chisacho chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zofewa, zabwino, kuphatikizapo nthenga, moss, lichen ndi zomera zachitsulo, ndipo zimagwirizananso ndi nsalu za kangaude. Othira nsalu za buluu angayambe kumanga zisa zingapo asanayambe kuika mazira, ndipo nsalu zikhoza kubwezeretsedwa pakati pa zisa.
Mazira owoneka ngati ovundu ali obiriwira buluu kapena abluu-woyera ndipo amakhala ndi mawanga ndi mdima.
Pali mazira 3-5 pa mwana aliyense, ndipo mwana mmodzi yekha amakulira chaka chilichonse, ngakhale ana achiwiri angakwezedwe kummwera ndi nyengo yobala nthawi. Makolo awiriwa amagwira nawo ntchito yobwezeretsa masiku 11-13, ndipo atatha kusungulumwa achinyamata, makolo onse amapitiriza kusamalira anapiye kwa masiku ena khumi ndi awiri mpaka atakonzeka kuchoka chisa.
Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo ta mbalame zofiirira ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono sizingapikisane mosavuta ngati mbalame yaikulu yomwe imatuluka pachimake imatenga chisa.
Otsatira Aphungu Odzizira Buluu:
Mbalamezi si zachilendo kumbuyo, ndipo sizimapita kukayendera mbalame, koma kupereka maluwa okongola kwa mbalame kungathandize kuwakopera, makamaka ngati tizilombo timachotsedwa kuti tisunge chakudya cha amphongo.
Kusungidwa:
Othira nsalu za buluu saonedwa kuti amaopsezedwa kapena kuika pangozi, ndipotu maulendo awo akukula pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwombera kumpoto kwa mbali zawo ndikupanga malo ambiri oyenera kuswana. Mbalamezi zimatha kusiya zisa zawo mosavuta, komabe ndikofunika kutetezera malo osungirako nthata kuti asasokonezeke.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila melanura )
- California Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica )
- Gnatcatcher wakuda-wakuda ( Polioptila nigriceps )
- Gnatcatcher ya White-Lored ( Polioptila albiloris )
- Chitchaina ( Psaltriparus minimus )
- Plumbeous Vireo ( Vireo plumbeus )
Chithunzi - Grey-Gycatcatcher wa Buluu - Mwamuna © Ed Schneider
Chithunzi - Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher - Mkazi © Putneypics