Selasphorus rufus
Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa mbalame za kumpoto kwa North America. Ngakhale kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri, ndipo mbalame yaing'ono yamkuwa imatha kuuluka mofulumira mbalame. Komabe ngakhale ndi gawo, hummingbird iyi ndi yokondweretsa komanso yokongola kuwonjezera kumbuyo kumbuyo.
Dzina Loyamba : Wopusa Mbalame ya Hummingbird
Dzina la sayansi: Selasphorus rufus
Scientific Family: Trochilidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wakale ndi wakuda, wowongoka, wonga singano
- Kukula kwake : 3.75 mainchezitali yaitali ndi mapiko a 4-4.5-inch, kumanga kokongola, mchira wautali pang'ono kuposa mapiko ozungulira
- Mitundu : Kutupa-lalanje, buff, wofiira, woyera, wobiriwira, wakuda, wamala
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi korona wopopera, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo ndi mkuwa wonyezimira kapena golide wofiira, ngakhale khosi likhoza kuwoneka lakuda kapena lakuda mumthunzi kapena kuwala kosauka. Mapepala akhoza kukhala obiriwira pang'ono ndipo amuna ena amakhala ndi kusamba kobiriwira kumbuyo, ngakhale kuti lalanje limakhala lofala kwambiri (amuna 5 mpaka 100 aliwonse a rufous hummingbird amasonyeza ngati akubiriwira). Chifuwacho ndi choyera ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mimba yoyera pamimba, ndikupatsa mbalame kuyang'ana. Mayi ali ndi mutu wobiriwira ndi kubwerera ndi khosi loyera, laling'ono laling'ono lomwe lingasonyeze mtundu wofiira kapena wa lalanje. Mbali zamphongo ndi chifuwa ndizophulika. Mapiko ndi maso a amuna ndi akazi onse ali mdima ndipo mbalame zakhala zikuloza, osati mchira. Pa mchimwene, mchira ndi lalanje ndi nsonga zakuda, ndipo akazi ali ndi dzimbiri pamunsi mwa mchira, wobiriwira pakati ndi nsonga zakuda, ndi nsonga zoyera pa nthenga zitatu zakunja kumbali iliyonse.
Amuna amawoneka ofanana ndi achikazi akulu koma amakhala ndi mtundu wochepa wochepa komanso wotsika pang'ono pammero. Amuna achikulire amapanga mtundu wambiri pammero ndi dzimbiri pazing'ono m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu ndi ya monotypic.
Zakudya: Mchere, mafinya, tizilombo, tizilombo ( Onani: Nectivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mphepete za hummingbirds ndi mitundu yambiri ya kumpoto kwa hummingbird ku North America. Mitengo yawo yobereketsa imadutsa m'nyanja ya Pacific Northwest, kumadzulo kwa Canada ndi kumwera kwa Alaska. Mbalamezi zimakonda nkhalango zosungunuka kapena zowonongeka, mapaki akuluakulu kapena kumbuyo, nthaŵi zambiri ndi maluwa kapena nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimamera m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
M'nyengo ya masika, imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pamene chilimwe komanso nthawi ya kusamukira, zimakhala zachilendo kumapiri, kukwaniritsa dera lapachaka lonse la kumpoto. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimasamukira kumwera kwa Mexico. Mbalame zambiri za hummingbird zowonongeka zimapezeka m'madera akum'maŵa ndi kum'mwera kwa United States panthawi yomwe amasamukira ndipo zimatha kuwonjezereka kumeneko, makamaka m'zaka zochepa kapena ngati pali zakudya zambiri zowonjezera chakudya. Mbalame zomwe zimathetsa kusamukira kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Alaska kupita kumwera kwa Mexico zimayenda ulendo wautali kwambiri wa mitundu yonse ya hummingbird , ulendo wautali wokwana 3,900 miles.
Zolemba:
Amuna achiwembu amamunyoza amakhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana, omwe amamveka mofulumizitsa, omwe amalankhula mobwerezabwereza. Mapiko awo amakhalanso ndi mphepo yamkuntho paulendo wothamanga, makamaka maulendo.
Makhalidwe:
Mphungu ya hummingbirds ndi mitundu yokhayokha ndipo imakhala yotetezeka komanso yowonongeka pafupi ndi odyetsa, makamaka pamene akusamuka. Mbalamezi zimatha kuthamanga ndikutsata mbalame zina zam'mimba, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi mbalame zoimbira nyimbo, ndipo zimakhala zoonetsa zoopsa pazilombo zina, kuphatikizapo agologolo, ziweto komanso anthu.
Kuwonetsa koopsa kumaphatikizapo kupopera, mchira ukuwoneka ndi ziwonetsero zina. Pofuna kuyang'anira abwenzi, rufous hummingbirds adzakhala pamalo okwera, otseguka pamene sakudyetsa. Pamene akudyetsa tizilombo, amatha kuthyola nyama ku kang'amba za kangaude kapena kugwira tizilombo m'mlengalenga.
Kubalanso:
Mphungu ya hummingbirds ndi mitala ndipo idzagonana ndi anthu angapo, ndi amuna omwe akuyesa akazi omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ojambulidwa ndi J komanso maonekedwe 8. Mzimayi amamanga chisa chooneka ngati chikho pansi ndi kangaude chokongoletsedwa ndi moss, lichen ndi makungwa, omwe amawoneka ngati apamwamba mamita 30 mumtengo. Adzabala mazira awiri awiri a mazira oyera awiri pa nthawi yoperekera, ndipo amamwa mazira masiku 12-14. Pambuyo pake, mayiyo amasamalira ana aamuna amtundu wamakono kwa masiku 19-21, mpaka atachoka chisa.
Amuna samagwira nawo ntchito kumanga chisa, kusamalidwa mazira kapena chiwindi.
Mbalame za hummingbirds zimatchulidwa ngati zonyansa ndi mbalame za Anna , calliope hummingbirds ndi Allen's hummingbirds.
Mbalame Zodzikongoletsera Zochititsa Chidwi:
Mphepete za hummingbirds zimapezeka m'mabwalo okhala ndi maluŵa ofiira, a tubular ndi mabala abwino a timadzi tokoma. Mbalamezi zimadyetsa mosavuta anthu odyetsa hummingbird, ngakhale mbalame za m'mbuyo zimayenera kugwiritsira ntchito odyetsa ambiri kuti achepetse mbalamezo. Kusiya mapepala angapezeke kungathandizenso kukopa anthu oterewa, chifukwa iwo adzakhala ndi malo abwino oti apumule ndi kuwona gawo lawo. Kuchepetsa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo kudzawonetsetsa mapuloteni ochulukitsa kudyetsa hummingbirds.
Kusungidwa:
Mphepete za hummingbirds siziopsezedwa kapena kuika pangozi. Amakhala ndi nyama zowononga mbalame zam'mlengalenga komanso amatha kutaya malo awo, komabe makamaka malo awo odyera ku Pacific Northwest, komwe kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti anthu akuchepa kwambiri, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono zomwe sizinachititse kuti azidandaula kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komwe kungayambitse zakudya komanso kupanga minda ya hummingbird kuti zithandize mbalame chaka chonse ndi njira zowonongeka zowonongeka.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Hummingbird ya Allen ( selasphorus sasin )
- Mbalame Zowonongeka Kwambiri ( Selasphorus platycercus )
- Calliope Hummingbird ( Stellula calliope )
Chithunzi - Mbalame Zamphongo Zamphongo - Amuna © ALAN SCHMIERER