Venezuelan Troupial

by Melissa Mayntz

Icterus icterus

Nyama ya ku Venezuela, mbalame za Venezuela ndizozilombo zazikulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi ina zinkapangika kukhala mitundu imodzi yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba zam'madzi komanso zam'madzi. Lero, mbalame iliyonse imadziwika kuti ndi yokongola komanso yosiyana.

Dzina Loyamba: Venezuelan Troupial, Turpial, Troupial, Northern Troupial, Common Troupial

Dzina la sayansi : Icterus icterus

Scientific Family : Icteridae

Maonekedwe:

Bill : Ng'onoting'ono kakang'ono, katatu, osungunuka pang'ono, wakuda ndi maziko a buluu mpaka kumunsi

Kukula kwake : 9-10 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 12-14-inch, mchira wautali wautali, kumanga bulky
Mabala : Black, orange, white, blue, yellow-orange, brown
Zizindikiro : Amuna ndi ofanana ngakhale amuna ali aakulu kuposa akazi. Mutu uli ndi chipewa chakuda, ndipo nkhopeyo imakhala ndi khungu loyera la maso la buluu lomwe limafikira mpaka pambuyo pa diso. Nsalu zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba zimakhala zonyezimira kwambiri, ndikupanga kolala yonse ya lalanje kuzungulira khosi lomwe likusiyana ndi nsana yakuda. Mapikowa ndi wakuda ndi chigamba chachikulu choyera, ndipo rump ndi lalanje. Dothi lakuda likufikira pa bere, kupanga mzere wong'ambika, wa zig-zag kumene umasiyanitsa ndi ma orange. Zovala zamalonda ndizolakwitsa zachikasu-lalanje. Maso ali otumbululuka, ndipo miyendo ndi miyendo ndi imvi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi maofesiwa ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana koma ndizolakwitsa, ngakhale zachikasu, ndi kusamba kofiirira pa mbali zakuda za nkhono zawo. Khungu la maso la mbalame zazing'ono limakhalanso lopweteka.

Zakudya : Tizilombo, zipatso, timadzi tokoma, zipatso, mazira, mbewu, mbalame ( Onani: Omnivorous )

Habita ndi Kusamukira:

Mbalamezi zimakonda malo okhala ndi matabwa ndi zomera zobiriwira, kuphatikizapo malo otukuta ndi udzu wobiriwira komanso minda ya zipatso. Mzinda wa Venezuela umagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo ogawanika komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, koma mpaka kufika mamita 1,600 kukwera kwake - nthawi zambiri samafika pamwamba.

Mbalamezi zimapezeka ku South America kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Colombia kudutsa kumpoto kwa Venezuela, komanso ku zilumba zazikulu za Caribbean, kuphatikizapo Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Antigua, Grenada ndi Dominica. Anthu a ku Venezuela anagonjetsedwa ndi Puerto Rico ndi Virgin Islands, malo awiri omwe amakula.

Zolemba:

Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nyimbo zoimba phokoso, zotsutsana ndi malemba awiri kapena awiri omwe angabwerezedwe kambirimbiri motsatizana. Iwo akhoza kulira, makamaka m'madera omwe akuimba mofuula pofuna kuteteza gawo lawo.

Makhalidwe:

Mavuto a ku Venezuela nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha kapena amapezeka awiriwa, ngakhale kuti amalowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pambuyo pa nyengo yobereka. Iwo akhoza kukhala malo amantha, makamaka pamene akudyetsa, ndipo adzathamangitsa oyendetsa mwamphamvu kuchoka ku zisa zawo. Pamene akudyera, nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi kufunafuna zipatso zakugwa, ndipo akamayimba, amawoneka pamalo okwera, owonekera.

Kubalanso:

Zomwe zidazi zimakhala zokhazokha ndipo ndi zinyama zomwe zimawononga mbalame zosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi kumanga zokha. Zitha kupezeka mu zisa za oropendolas, caciques, kiskadees, thornbirds kapena mitundu yofanana, koma zimasintha chisa chilichonse pa zosowa zawo powonjezeramo kuwonjezera kapena kukulitsa pakhomo.

Mazira a ku Venezuela amawoneka ndi ma whitish-pinki ndi mdima wonyezimira, wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda wakuda kwambiri. Pali mazira 3-4 omwe ali aang'ono , ndipo kholo lachikazi limapangitsa mazira masiku 14-16. Pambuyo pa ziphuphu zazing'ono, makolo onse amadyetsa anawo masiku 21-23, mpaka mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuchoka pa chisa ndikuyamba kudya.

Mzinda wa Venezuela wotsutsana nawo ungabweretse ana awiri aamuna pachaka, ndipo amakhala ndi ana angapo m'madera omwe mbalamezi zakhala zikuwonetsedwa ndi mbalame zonyezimira.

Kuwopsya Mavuto a Venezuela:

Mbalamezi zimayenda mofulumira kumalo osungirako mbalame, minda ndi minda ya zipatso. Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimatha kukopa ziweto pogwiritsa ntchito tchire kapena mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya mabulosi kuti zikhale chakudya, komanso zimasiya mbalame kuti zizidyetsa.

Mango, soursop, papaya ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndizokonda kwambiri anthu a ku Venezuela, ndipo amatha kuyendera anthu ambiri okhala ndi timadzi tokoma timene timakhala ndi mapepala olimba kwambiri.

Mbalame zomwe sitingathe kupita ku dera la Venezuela zimatha kuona mbalamezi kuti zikhale mndende, chifukwa ndi alendo otchuka ku malo osungirako nyama ndi ndege .

Kusungidwa:

Chifukwa mbalamezi zimachokera ku Venezuela kudzitukumula komanso kukonda dziko lawo, zimatetezedwa kwambiri m'dzikoli ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunira zabwino . Komabe, m'madera ena, mbalamezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zamalonda, zomwe zingakhale zoopsya kwa anthu ammudzi. Zonsezi, mbalamezi sizikuwopsedwa kapena kuika pangozi.

Mbalame zofanana:

Orange-Backed Troupial ( Icterus croconotus )
Campo Troupial ( Icterus jamacaii )
Baltimore Oriole ( Icterus galbula )
Audubon's Oriole ( Icterus graduacauda )
Montserrat Oriole ( Icterus oberi )
Bullock's Oriole ( Icterus bullockii )
Black-Vented Oriole ( Icterus wagleri )