01 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
SF Girl By Bay Kodi amatchedwa chiyani? Otomi (O-toh-mee) kapena Tenango (Teh-nang-go)
Zachokera kuti? Anthu a Otomi a Tenango di Dora, Mexico
Ndani ali nacho icho? Houzz, Dziko la Nod
02 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Nyumba ya Jacaranda Mabulangete okongola a Otomi - nthawi zina amatchedwa Tenangos - ndi owonjezera pa malo alionse. Ndi njira zawo zamaganizo ndi zochitika zamakono, zimabweretsa mphamvu ndi kusuntha zomwe zawapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwazochitika zamakono zomwe zikutsatiridwa padziko lonse. Mu 2012 nyumba ya Hermes yopanga mafashoni ya mafashoni inayamba mzere wa zingwe zomwe zinapanga Tenango atapanga mapangidwe (1) nthawi yomweyo kuwapanga kukhala odziwika bwino kwambiri mu mafashoni komanso kupanga. Komabe, sikunadziwike kuti mitundu yonse yosangalatsa ndi zojambula zokondweretsa za Otomi zimapanga kukhulupirira kuti ndi mwambo womwe umakhala kutali kwambiri ndi mbiri ya Mesoamerica.
03 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Domino Anthu a Otomi amakhulupirira kuti anali anthu oyambirira ku Chigwa cha Mexico, ngakhale anthu omwe ankalankhula Nahuatl omwe potsirizira pake adzakhazikitsa Ufumu wa Aztec (2). Ndiye pakadali pano Otomi inalipo kudera lalikulu la malo osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, akatswiri amadziwikitsa pakati pa Sierra, Highland ndi Mezquital Valley Otomi anthu (ibid.). Dzina lakuti Otomi poyamba linkalingaliridwa kuti laperekedwa ndi Aaziteki kwa gulu ili la anthu omwe amadzitcha okha ngati Hnahu, kapena "iwo omwe amalankhula chinenero" (3). Dzina lakuti Otomi limachokera ku mawu a Chihuhut, mawu otoac ("kuyenda") ndi mitl ("arrow") (4). Izi zimagwirizanitsa mawu akuti otomitl / totomitl, omwe Otomi amatengedwa mwachindunji ndipo amatanthauza "iwo amene amasaka mbalame ndi uta ndi uta (5)."
04 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Amber Interiors Asanafike Aaztec, Sierra Otomi adalumikizidwa ndi Toltec, yemwe ufumu wake unagwa mu 1168 AD (6). Kuwuka kwa Ufumu wa Aztec mu 1400 AD kachiwiri kunawonanso Otomi akugonjetsedwa ndi mtundu waukulu, komabe kugonjetsa Otomi sikukutanthawuza kusamvana kwathunthu (7). Ngakhale kuti adagwiridwa ndi magulu akuluakulu m'mbiri yawo yonse, Otomi ankadziwika kuti ndi olimba mtima (8). Iwo ankaganiziridwa kuti anali malo ofunikira ku Tula, likulu la Ufumu wa Toltec, komanso kumzinda wamakono wa Teothihuacan (ngakhale tsopano akukhulupirira kuti mzindawu unayamba kale chikhalidwe cha Toltec.) (9). Pambuyo pake, a Aztec angagwiritse ntchito Otomi kukhala magulu a asilikali kuti dzina lawo lifanane ndi gulu lankhondo la Aztec (10). Atafika ku Spain atagonjetsa zomwe ankaganiza kuti "Dziko Latsopano," Mezquital Valley Otomi (komanso mwina magulu ena a Otomi) adayanjana nawo ndi Aaztec pofuna kuyesa kudzilamulira okha mu ufumuwo (11). Ngakhale kuti Chisipanishi sichinali chipangano chodalirika kwambiri, Otomi anapulumuka ulamuliro wa chikoloni kuti uchite nawo nkhondo zingapo zandale ndi zankhondo kuphatikizapo Nkhondo ya Independence (ibid.).
05 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Heather A. Wilson Mlengi Zojambulajambula ndi zojambula pakati pa Otomi zisanayambe kulankhulana ndi ulamuliro wa chikoloni (12). Komabe, zojambula za Otomi zamasamba sizinapezeke ngati zokongoletsa mpaka zaka za m'ma 1960. Asanafike nthawiyi sankakhalapo m'mabulangete kapena makoswe. Kwazaka mazana izi zidazigwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zokongoletsera za malaya a akazi (13). Sipanakhale chilala chachikulu cha Tenango de Doria chomwe chinapangitsa kuti Otomi ayambe kugulitsa ntchito kunja kwa midzi yawo (ibid.).
06 ya 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Tawonani Tonic Kutembenuza kwa Chingerezi monga, "malo amwala," Tenango amakhala ndi mapanga angapo okhala ndi zojambula zosonyeza zinyama komanso mphamvu zachilengedwe. Zithunzi zimenezi zikukhulupiriridwa kuti zakhala zikuzizira zojambula pa Otomi nsalu (14). Zowonjezera zina zingaphatikizepo mwambo wamatsenga wokhudzana ndi mapepala opangidwa kuchokera ku khungwa la mtengo wodulidwa, "amate" (15).
07 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Lucky By Design Kubweretsa njira za Tenango kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapanyumba zinkafuna kupanga kuphweka kwa njira yopangidwira ndi kuyanika. Pomwe kulenga zojambula pa zovala kunkafunika njira yovuta yamagalimoto, zojambula zamakono za Otomi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ophweka kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yochepa ya ntchito (16). Zitsanzo zimatengedwa koyamba pa pulotoni mumchere wa phulusa. Zithunzi zingathe kugulitsidwa kapena kutumizidwa ndi wovala nsapato amene angakhalepo kwa miyezi itatu kuti apange chidutswa choyezera mamita awiri (17.5). Popeza kuti zochitika zamakono zokongoletsera zamakono za mtundu wa palettes ndi zithunzi za Otomi zolengedwa zakhala zosiyana kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi mu nkhaniyi yapamwamba yamakono a Otomi kawirikawiri amatanthawuza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitundu mu kachitidwe kameneka (18).
08 a 08
Zojambulajambula: Chovala cha Otomi Cha Central Mexico
Hygge ndi West Ngakhale kuti kutchuka kwawo kwakukulu ndi mafashoni kwawoneka kuonekera kwa nsalu ndi chikhalidwe cha Otomi, zochitika zakale zomwe zowonongeka mwambo zimakhala pangozi yakufa. Mipingo monga Mexican Textile Textiles Project (19) ikugwira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti miyambo yolemekezekayi ikupitirira kufalitsidwa kwa mibadwo yotsatira. Ngakhale ntchito ya bungwe lino ndi ena ikupitiriza kusungira njira zopangira zojambula za Otomi, zovala ndi njira zatsopano zimapitilira kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira chikhalidwe cha Otomi chamakono padziko lonse lapansi.