Chifukwa Chimene Timagwiritsira Ntchito Dzina la Botanical Nomenclature

Kwa zaka zoposa 200 tagwiritsira ntchito mtundu wa zolemba za botanical (ndiko kuti, chomera cha sayansi kutchula) chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi Linnaeus (1707-1778), chilankhulo cha msonkho wa zomera chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Mitengo yopanga zomera ndi chilango chomwe chimayambitsa dongosolo la kachitidwe kamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a botanist ndi odyetserako zomera kuti azikonzekera zomera ndikuzizindikiritsa bwino. Kupititsa patsogolo pa zitsanzo zomwe abambo ake adakonza, Linnaeus adawongolera ndondomeko yotchulira dzina kudzera mu "binomial" system.

Linnaeus 'binomual system amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lina lachilatini kuti liwonetsere mtundu, ndi wina kusonyeza epithet. Pamodzi, mtundu ndi epithet zimaphatikizapo "mitundu". Mwa kutanthauzira, "binomial" amatanthawuza "kudziwika ndi kukhala ndi mayina awiri," kuyambira pachiyambi "bi-" (kutanthauza "awiri") ndi liwu lachilatini la "dzina," dzina .

Mwachitsanzo, dzina lakuti botanical nomenclature limachititsa kuti kum'mawa kwakum'mawa kukhale ngati Cestrus orbiculatus . Mbali yoyamba ya dzina lakuti Celastrus ndiyo mtundu, wachiwiri, orbiculatus , epithet yeniyeni. Ngakhale kuti chinthu china chomera, nightshade, chosangalatsa kwambiri, chimakhala ndi "mawu otonthoza," mumadziŵa nthaŵi yomweyo pamene muwona dzina lake lachilatini ( Solanum dulcamara , kumene dzina loyamba lachilatini limakhala la mtundu, nightshade, ndi lachiwiri ndi la epithet , kupweteketsa) kuti sizogwirizana ndi Celastrus orbiculatus ( Solanum ndi Celastrus ndi magulu awiri osiyana). Chomera chachitatu, chotchedwa Cestrus scandens , chimatchedwanso "kutchera" (American bittersweet), koma scandens mu dzina lake botanical amasiyanitsa momveka bwino kuchokera msuweni wake waku East.

Mitsuko ndi Mabotolo a Dzina la Botanical Nomenclature

1. Mitunduyi ndi chigawo cha mtundu.
2. Chibadwa chimayamba ndi kalata yaikulu, pamene kalata yoyamba yomwe ili mu epithet yeniyeni ndi yochepa. Zonsezi ndizolembedwa.
3. Momwe timamasulirira kuchokera ku Latin kuti tifike pa dzina lachilendo, timasintha lamulo la mayina, ndikuika epithet pamaso pa mtundu. Izi ndi zoona kwa Solanum dulcamara (tawonani pamwambapa), omwe amatanthauzira mowa ngati (kuchokera ku dulcamara ) nightshade (kuchokera ku Solanum ). Komabe, onani kuti dzina lodziwika bwino la zomera sikutanthauza kumasulira kwenikweni kwa dzina lachilatini. Mwachitsanzo, dzina lofala la Celastrus scandens (onani pamwambapa) ndilokutanthauzira kwa America, koma kumasuliridwa kwenikweni kwa Chilatini, pankhaniyi, alibe chochita ndi "American" kapena "bittersweet."

1. Nthawi zina muzomera zamasamba, mudzawona dzina lachitatu. Zikatero, ife tikungowonjezereka kwambiri, ndikuwerengera kusiyana kwa mitundu. Kawirikawiri, dzina lachitatu likuwonetsera kulima (zokolola zosiyanasiyana); izo zidzawoneka mu zizindikiro zosagwiritsidwa ntchito imodzi ndipo kalata yake yoyamba imakhala yolembedwera. Koma, nthawi zina, dzina lachitatu limasonyeza zosiyana (zosiyana siyana). Dzina losiyana ndilo loyamba, "var." Pokhapokha dzina losiyana ndilo dzina loyenerera, kalata yake yoyamba siinali yolembedwera. Koma, monga dzina lachibadwa ndi epithet yapadera, dzina losiyana ndi lachilendo.
2. Nthawi zina mawu amodzi amawonjezeredwa pambuyo pa dzina lachibadwa ndi epithet, yomwe siidalumikizidwa kapena kuyikidwa ndi zizindikiro za quotation - dzina la munthu amene anayamba kufotokoza chomeracho. Nthawi zina mainawa amamasuliridwa. Dzinali litasindikizidwa monga "L," limatanthauza "Linnaeus."
3. Mukawona dzina lachilendo lotsatiridwa ndi kalata "x," imatsatiridwa ndi epithet, ichi ndi chisonyezero chakuti chomera ndi mtanda pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya zomera - "chomera chosakanizidwa."

Nchifukwa chiyani timagwiritsa ntchito dzina la botanical? Chifukwa chiyani maina wamba a zomera si abwino? Timagwiritsa ntchito mayina a sayansi (kapena "mayina a zomera") kuti asasokonezeke, chifukwa ndi chinenero chamitundu yonse.

Izo sizikutanthauza kuti iwo, iwo okha sakhala osokoneza; Nthawi zina botanists amalingalira kuti mtengo wamakono wa taxonomy ndi "wolakwika" ndikusintha dzina. Koma, mobwerezabwereza, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya binomial yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambayi ikukwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mayina omwe amadziwika bwino.

Kuti muyang'ane pamtunda wina pa webusaiti yanga ndi dzina la botani, chonde onani mndandanda wanga wa mayina a sayansi a zomera . Musawope kugwira ntchito ndi dzina la botanical. Zingakhale zowopsya poyamba, koma posachedwapa mudzazindikira mawu ena omwe amawoneka mobwerezabwereza, kukhazikitsa zizindikiro: mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito reptans m'dzina la creeper .