Ndipo kodi "mutu wa mutu" ndi chiyani?
Mu zomangamanga , chimanga (kapena "phulusa") ndi bolodi kapena gulu limodzi la bolodi limodzi lomwe limagwira ntchito yokhazikika ya joistes , yomwe imayendetsa bwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito sitima yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba, anthu amamanga nyumba kumapeto kwa nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi lamutu (kuchokera pamene ojisti "amawapachika" pogwiritsira ntchito joist hangers; onani pansipa kuti mudziwe zambiri), kusunga pamwamba pa mlingo womwewo monga mutu wa mutu.
Pamapeto pake, chithandizo chimaperekedwa ndi sitima yapamwamba. M'malo mokhala pampanda wokhala ndi nsanjayi, amphatikizi amakonda kupuma pamwamba pa mtengowu. Chovalacho chimakhala pamakona a chithandizo.
Chimodzimodzinso, sitima yaikulu ingafunike kuthandizidwa pakati. Mukhoza kupereka chithandizochi mwa kumira nsanamira pansi, kenako muthamanga mtengo pamwamba pa nsanamirazi. Dothilo lidzafanana ndi girder kumapeto kwa sitimayo, ndi bolodi la mutu kumbali inayo. Omwe amatha kupuma pamwamba pazitsulo zapakatizi kapena kuti agwirizane nawo pogwiritsira ntchito maulendo ojambulira.
Kodi Bokosi la Mutu (kapena "Ledger") ndi chiyani?
Pakumanga sitima yomwe imachoka panyumba, sitimayi imamangiriridwa m'nyumba. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, mutu wa mutu kapena "ledger" umakonzedwa kunyumba. Bwalo lamutu ndilo mapeto amodzi a sitima, ndipo mapulaneti pamapeto awa amapeza chithandizo kuchokera kunyumba. Bwalo ili lidzakhala lofanana ndilo loti joists .
Othandizira adzapachikidwa kuchokera kumutu kumutu pogwiritsira ntchito ziboliboli. Hanger wokhudzana ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, zomwe, zitatha kupenyedwa kumutu, zimapatsa malo amodzi omwe amatha kupuma.
Apanso, ma joists amakumana ndi mutu kumbali yoyenera, ndipo nsonga za joists zili pamlingo womwewo pamwamba pa mutu.
Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa msinkhu uwu moyenera kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga nyumba kuchokera pamene imapanga pamwamba pa sitima. Mudzakhala mukuwombera pansi, kapena "kutayika" kwa amodzi. Mukamvetsetsa izi, ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa momwe kulili kovuta kuti musunge mutu wa mutu ndi amodzi.
Mitengo Yokwera
Mukamanga sitima yomwe siidali pafupi ndi nyumba (yomwe imatchedwa " sitima yosungunuka "), padzakhala bwalo lambala kumapeto onse a chipinda chothandizira. Zoonadi, ngakhale pamene chipindachi chili pafupi ndi nyumbayo, njira ina yomanga ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito yachiwiri-ndi-girder system osati kumangiriza pakhomo mwachindunji kunyumba kupyolera pamutu. Otsalirawo adzapumula pazikwama ziwiri izi, ndipo chombocho chidzakhalanso pamtunda.
Zida zofunika
"Kutenga" zipangizo ndizomwe zimakhalira pansi pamtunda, nthawi zambiri 2 x 6 kapena 2 x 8. Mawu awa sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi mawu, "deck," omwe amasonyeza dongosolo lonse. Chombo chotsetsereka, kapena "pansi pake, Kupitiliza mu dongosolo kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, zinthu zotsatirazi zimathandiza kuthandizira:
- Zochita zachitsulo (pansi pa nthaka)
- Concrete Piers
- Zikalata
- Sungani
- Mutu wamutu
- Joists