Kujambula grafting ndi njira yomwe imalumikiza zomera ziwiri kukhala imodzi. M'malo mopanga mungu wobiriwira ndi kupanga mbewu yowakanizidwa, zomera zotsatiridwa zimagwiritsa ntchito mizu ndi gawo la pansi pa chomera chimodzi (chitsa) ndikuchiyika ku mphukira yamtengo wapatali (scion) kuchokera pamwamba pa mbeu ina. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe abwino a zomera ziwiri.
Mitengo yambiri ya zipatso lero imamezanitsidwa pamtengo.
Kuphatikizapo kupereka zizindikiro zapadera ku chomeracho, ndi njira yofulumira komanso yodalirika yobzala zomera zomwe sizikukula kuti ziyimire kuchokera ku mbewu. Mwatsoka kwa munda wa kumunda, zikutanthauza kuti sitingathe kupulumutsa mbewu ndikukula zomera zambiri. Ndipotu zomera zambiri zotsindikizidwa ndizovomerezeka.
Kodi Msuzu Ndi Chiyani?
Chomera chochepa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozumikizanitsa chimatchedwa chitsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mizu yathanzi komanso gawo la tsinde. Mwinamwake mwawonapo kupopera kosasunthika pamunsi mwa zitsamba za rosi kapena mitengo ya zipatso, monga chomwe chiri pa chithunzicho. Apa ndi pamene kuphatikizidwa kunapangidwa; mgwirizanowu. Chilichonse pansi pa mphukira ndi chitsa.
Makhalidwe a rootstocks amatha kukulitsa zomera mofulumira komanso zosayenera. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa rootstocks ndicho kupanga mitengo ya zipatso yochepa. Mitengo yambiri ya zipatso si yaikulu kwambiri kumbuyo, kumatenga zaka kuti zikhwime kukula kwake.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo womwe umakonda kwambiri pamtengo womwe umapanga mitengo yazitali, timatha kupanga mtengo wochepa ngati 6 ft. Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwa wamaluwa kuti azisamalira ndikusankhira ndipo zimathandiza minda ya malonda kuwuka ndi kubweretsa posachedwa.
Kuwonjezera pa kumera kochepa, mizu ya rootstocks ingapangitse makhalidwe kuti zikhale zokolola, kuzizira kapena chilala, komanso matenda omwe amatsutsa.
Mitengo yambiri ya vinyo ya ku Ulaya imakula pamtengo wa ku North America umene unapezeka kuti umatsutsa phylloxera, tizilombo towotcha mipesa m'zaka za m'ma 1900.
Kodi Scion Ndi Chiyani?
Gawo pamwamba pa kuphatikiza limatchedwa scion. Ndi mphukira yachinyamata kapena mphukira kuchokera ku chomera chomwe chimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino monga kukoma kwakukulu, mtundu kapena matenda. Zonse za kukula kwazitsamba, masamba, maluwa, zipatso, etc., zimachokera ku scion. Mwa kuphatikiza chitsa ndi Scion mungakhale otsimikizika kuti mudzatsiriza ndi chomera chodalirika ndi chobala.
Chitsa ndi scion siziyenera kukhala zochokera ku mitundu yofanana, koma ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo kukulumikiza mtengo wa plamu pa chitsa cha pichesi. N'zotheka kuphatikizira scion yambiri pa chitsa chimodzi, monga momwe amachitira mitengo ya apulo yomwe imabala mitundu yambiri pa nthambi zosiyanasiyana.
Kukula Kwakukulu kwa Zomera Zowonongedwa
Muyenera kusamala mukamadzala mitengo. Ngati chophatikizanacho chikaikidwa pansi, chitsa chimatha kukula kwake kapena scion ikhoza kutumiza mizu yake. Pamene izi zichitika, mumataya makhalidwe omwe anasankhidwa pamene chomeracho chinkalumikizidwa.
Mtengo wa apulosi a Granny Smith ukhoza kuyamba kupanga maapulo ofiira osadziŵika, kuchokera muzu wa mphukira.
Palinso nthawi imene chitsa chimasowa kuteteza nyengo yozizira, monga ndi maluwa ambiri ophatikizidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti wamaluwa ozizira ozizira akuphimba kumtengowo kumapeto kwa kugwa, koma kumbukirani kuti muwulule mkatikatikati, kotero chitsa chake sichikula.
Mukufuna Kuyesa Dzanja Lanu Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zowonongeka?
Kujambula grafting ndizochitika zakale, koma zomera zambiri zomwe zinkalumikizidwa masiku ano ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku zomwe zachitika m'zaka zapitazi. Mayesero amasiku ano akupitiliza kupitiliza malire a zomera zomwe zidzakula, monga USDA Zone 4 yozizira yolimba ya 'Reliance'. Ngati muli ndi chidwi poyesa dzanja lanu polemba pamodzi, zimatengera kupirira ndi kuleza mtima, komabe zingatheke ndi wamaluwa. Mizu ya Standard imapezeka kuchokera ku makampani ambiri.
Amalongosola zikhumbo za aliyense, kotero mukhoza kuchita zomwe mukuyesera.