Complete Guide
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti anthu ambiri amangoyerekezera ndi "Iceberg" yakale yopanda kanthu komanso mawu akuti "letesi." Dziko lonse la letesi limakhala lodzala ndi mtundu, maonekedwe, ndi kukoma. Ngati mukukula nokha, muli ndi dzikoli pambali panu. Kapena nsonga ya nsanja yanu, monga momwe zingakhalire. Katsamba kakang'ono kameneka kumakhala kosangalatsa. Mukhoza kukolola nthawi iliyonse mukakhala ndi chilakolako chozizira, saladi wonyezimira, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mungasangalale nayo ndi yochepa chabe.
Mitundu ya Letesi
Pali mitundu ikuluikulu isanu ya letesi :
- Crisphead
Izi ndizo mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya letesi kukula, makamaka chifukwa imatenga nthawi yaitali, yozizira kukula, ndipo ambirife tiribe minda yathu m'minda yathu. Mitundu ya Crisphead yakonzeka kukolola pafupifupi masiku 95 mutabzala. M'mayiko ambiri a US, kuti mukhale ndi crispheads kukula, muyenera kuyamba mbewu m'nyumbamo m'nyengo yozizira.
- Cos (Romaine)
Mapepala a Roma amakhalanso ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri; Masiku 70 mpaka 75 mpaka kukolola. Olima minda m'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri ayenera kuyamba mbewuzo m'nyumba. Komabe, maulamuliro ali ndi mwayi wapadera pa crispheads momwe mungakolole masamba akunja a mutu pamene akukula m'munda.
- Mutu wa Butter
Letesi yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya 'butterfly' ndi 'Boston Bibb.' Butterheads amadziŵika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino. Amapanga mitu yonyansa, yomwe imakula masiku 55 mpaka 75 mutabzala. Ngati simungakhoze kudikira motalika, mukhoza kukolola masamba akunja a butterheads, ndipo masamba atsopano adzakula kuchokera pakati pa rosette.
- Batavian
Mabataviya mwina ndiwo mtundu wodziwika bwino wa letesi. Amatha kufesedwa ndikukololedwa ngati letleaflece, koma amakhala okhwima m'mutu mwachangu mofulumira, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa amaluwa omwe amasangalala ndi ma letesi a krisphead koma amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Mabatavi ali okonzeka kukolola (monga mitu) masiku 55 mpaka 60 mutabzala.
- Looseleaf
Letesi ya Looseleaf ndi yosavuta kukula. Amatha kufesedwa ndi kukolola mosavuta mkati mwa masabata angapo ngati maukoma abwino a mwana. Letesi ya Looseleaf imakololedwa posankha kapena kudula masamba kuchokera ku chomera. Masamba atsopano adzapanga, ndipo, ngati mutabzala mbewu zatsopano masabata angapo, iwo adzakupatseni letesi ya saladi ambiri.
Kusankha Malo Kuti Akule Letesi
Letesi zimakhala zosavuta kukula, ndipo makamaka ngati mumawapatsa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala bwino. Ma letesi amafunikira maola oposa asanu ndi limodzi pa tsiku. Ngati mumakhala nyengo yozizira kapena mumakhala nyengo yotentha yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kufika pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, yesani kupereka lettuce malo omwe amatetezedwa madzulo dzuwa. Izi zikhoza kuletsa kutentha kumene kumabweretsa nyengo. Ngati simungathe kuwateteza ku dzuwa, ganizirani kuyika mawonekedwe awo pamthunzi .
Lettuces amafunanso kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, yosalala, yolemera kuti ikule bwino. Nthaka yomwe yasinthidwa bwino ndi kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda ndi abwino. Nthaka yomwe imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale bwino, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kusunga nyamazi zosasuntha.
Ngati muli ndi nthaka yosauka m'munda mwanu ndipo mukufuna kutsimikiziridwa ndi mbewu yabwino ya letesi, ganizirani kumanga bedi lokwezeka ndikudzaza ndi chisakanizo cha manyowa, manyowa, ndi kompositi, kapena pitani letesi yanu mu chidebe.
Chophika chilichonse kapena chidebe chomwe chili ndizitsulo zinayi zakuya chidzachita.
Kubzala
Letesi ikhoza kuyambika kuchokera ku mbewu , kaya m'nyumba kapena kumunda. Mukhozanso kugula zidutswa zosungirako ana. Ngati n'kotheka yesetsani kugula mbewu zakuya kapena kuyamba. Pali mabungwe ambiri abwino omwe amanyamula mbewu, ndipo malo ambiri akumunda akuyamba kunyamula zomera zomwe zimakula.
Kuyamba Kulowa Mbewu:
Mbeu ya letesi iyenera kuyambitsidwa masabata asanu musanafike tsiku lanu lotsiriza la chisanu. Bzalani iwo mu mbewu wosabala kuyamba kusakaniza, kapena kusakaniza mumadzidzimangira nokha. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yozizira, pansi pa madigiri 70 Fahrenheit. Onetsetsani kuti muwapatse kuwala kwambiri, kaya mwawayika iwo muwindo la dzuwa kapena poyambira iwo pansi pa kuwala. Iwo akhoza kubzalidwa pambuyo pa tsiku lanu lotsiriza la chisanu. Onetsetsani kuti muumitse mitengoyo kwa masiku atatu kapena anai musanabzala m'munda.
Kubzala mbewu kunja:
Letesi ikhoza kufesedwa mosavuta m'munda mwamsanga ngati tsiku lanu lotentha la chisanu lapita ndipo dothi likuzizira bwino. Letesi kawirikawiri siidzaphuka ngati dothi la kutentha ndiloposa madigiri 80. Bzalani mbewuyo m'mizere kapena mabokosi, kutsatira ndondomeko ya phukusi la mbewu. Mwinamwake muyenera kuchepetsa mbewu zomwe zikuwonekera; mungagwiritse ntchito thinnings mu saladi. Kuti mukolole nthawi zonse, pesa nyemba zambiri masabata awiri nthawi yonseyi.
Kubzala Zowonjezera:
Ngati mumagula zomera kapena mutayambira m'nyumba zanu, mukhoza kuzibzala pambuyo poti ngozi ya chisanu yadutsa. Kubzala, kungokumba dzenje lozama monga rootball ndi kawiri lonse, ikani chomera mu dzenje ndi korona wa chomera pa nthaka nthaka ndi mofatsa nthaka mozungulira rootball. Azimwa madzi bwino kuti athetse nthaka ndi kuthetsa mapepala. Kawirikawiri, letesi zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kugawidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo letesizi zimakhala zosiyana ndi mainchesi sikisi.
Kukulitsa Kalata Yanu
Madzi
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti ukhale wopambana ndi letesi ndicho kukumana ndi zofunikira za chinyezi. Chifukwa letesi ndi yopanda madzi ndipo imakhala ndi madzi (pafupifupi 95% madzi, makamaka) sizingakule ngati mutasiya dothi. Mizu ya letesi imakhala mumtunda wautali mamita atatu kapena anayi. Ngati mumangiriza chala chanu m'nthaka ndipo inchi yamphwa ndi youma, muyenera kuthirira.
Izi zingafunikire kuthirira kangapo pa sabata mu nyengo yotentha, youma.
Feteleza
Feteleza ndifunikanso. Ngati mukukula mu nthaka yodzala ndi zinthu zakuthupi, simungayambe kuthira manyowa. Komabe, kupereka letesi yanu ndi feteleza wochulukitsa feteleza kumapangitsa kuti chomera chanu chikule bwino ndikupanga nthawi zonse. Nsomba emulsion ndi yabwino organic fetereza kwa letesi. Gwiritsani ntchito emulsion ya nsomba pa theka la mlingo woyenera mlungu uliwonse. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito emulsion yosakanizidwa yosakanikirana ndi nthaka. Mungathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya cha foliar, koma onetsetsani kuti muzisamba letesi yanu musanayambe kudya.
Mulching
Mofanana ndi chilichonse m'munda, letesi imapindula ndi malo abwino a mulch. Sakanizani masentimita awiri kapena atatu osanjikizana a mulch, monga nkhuni, udzu, masamba, kapena udzu wodutsa kuzungulira letesi, motsimikiza kuti mutuluke pang'onopang'ono kuti mutenge zowola.
Mtengo wa mulch umathandiza kuteteza chinyezi, kuchepetsa dothi, kuchepetsa kuchulukitsa kwa weeding zomwe muyenera kuchita, ndi kusunga letesiyo poletsa dothi kuti lisathamangire masamba.
Tizilombo
Letesi imasokonezeka ndi tizirombo tochepa ndi matenda. Slugs ndi mdani wake wamkulu, ndipo akhoza kulepheretsedwa mwa kuika saisi ya mowa kuti awamekere, kapena mwa kuwaza dziko la diatomaceous kapena eggshells zakuzungulira zomera zanu.
Zinthu zowopsyazi zimadula slugs 'underbellies pamene zimayendayenda, ndi kuzipha.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zingakhalenso vuto. Ngati ali, yesetsani kuwagwedeza ndi kuphulika kwa madzi kuchokera ku payipi kapena yesani kupopera mankhwala kuti muwachotse. Mbeu za cutworms zingakhalenso vuto, ndipo njira yabwino yowatetezera ndiyo kukhazikitsa kolala yopangidwa ndi pepala lakuda kapena makatoni m'munsi mwa mbeu iliyonse yatsopano ya letesi.
Ngati tizilombo tomwe timakhala tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri, chitetezo chabwino ndicho kukhazikitsa chitsulo chamtunda kuzungulira munda, kapena pafupi ndi bedi limene mukukulitsa letesi yanu. Mukhozanso kuyesa kusakaniza tsabola wa cayenne pa zomera kuti aletse akalulu.
Letesi ndi yosavuta kukula, malinga ngati mukukwaniritsa zofunikira zake. Ndipo ubwino wochita zimenezi ndi wofunika kwambiri: kukhala wokhoza kukolola saladi wodzazidwa ndi homegrown, chokoma, letesi ya maminiti mphindi zochepa musanafike nthawi ya chakudya ndizomwe mumakonda kwambiri nyengo yonse yokula.