Mbiri ya Bedi

Chimodzi mwa mapindu ambiri okhala ndi moyo masiku ano ndikumangokhalira kukwera pakati pa mapepala ofewa pamapiritsi othandizira komanso otetezeka pakakhala nthawi yopuma usiku. Koma bwanji ngati mmalo mwa mapepala osafewa amenewo, inu mumadziphimba ndi masamba usiku? Kapena bwanji m'malo mwa zomwe mumakonda kukumbukira chithovu chitoliro , munayika mutu wanu pamtsamiyala wopangidwa ndi miyala? Kapena mulibe mateti enieni pabedi lanu, thumba la udzu lomwe mwinamwake linali ndi utitiri ndi nsabwe? Chabwino, ngati mutakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, zosankhazo sizikanakhala zosangalatsa - zikanakhala zoona.

Ngakhale zowonjezera - malo osungira kuti apumule ndi kutenthedwa usiku - akhalabe ofanana m'mbiri yonse, zomwe zimapangitsa bedi kuti zasintha pang'ono panthawi ya zaka zambiri. Nazi mbiri yachidule ya mabedi kupyola mu mibadwo.

• 01 pa 11

  Makedzana Otchuka Kwambiri, Zaka 77,000 Zapita

  Mateti anu amaonedwa kuti ndi okalamba zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma malinga ndi National Geographic , "bedi" lodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi linapezedwa ku KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, ndipo linayambira zaka 77,000. Kwenikweni, ilo linali ndi zigawo za zinthu zokolola zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mumatumba, omwe nthawi zonse ankawotchedwa, mwinamwake kuthetsa tizirombo. Bedi linali lozungulira masentimita 12 ndipo linali lalikulu mamita 22, kupereka malo ochuluka kwa banja lonse. Masambawa amapereka pepala lapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mwina amathandizanso kusunga mbozi.

  Pachifanizo ichi, pulasitiki imagwira masamba osakanikirana ndi mateti akale kwambiri.

• 02 pa 11

  Atsogoleri a Hunter-Gatherers, cha m'ma 8,000 BC

  Kwa anthu oyamba kusuntha zakale, moyo ukuyenda umatanthauza kuti mausiku amatha kukhala pa mulu wa masamba kapena udzu wovulazidwa mu chisokonezo pansi. Pakhomo la Hinds kumwera kwakumadzulo kwa Texas, ofufuza amanena kuti magulu ambiri a asaka-osuta omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito malowa ngati atakhala panyumba, ankagona mobisa m'mimba, chifukwa "mabedi" omwe sankakhala ndi malo okwanira kwathunthu. Mwina izi zinkachititsa kuti tulo tisonyeze komanso tinkakhala bwino usiku.

  Chithunzichi apa chikuwonetsa masamba osungika bwino ndi zitsamba zamaluwa kuchokera ku bedi wakale mu Khola la Hinds.

• 03 a 11

  Aigupto wakale, m'ma 3000 BC - 1000 BC

  Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zodabwitsa komanso zipangizo zamakono, kuphatikizapo chinenero cholembedwa, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, kumanga ndi kukwirira, mawonekedwe a maso, mankhwala a mano, chitseko, ndi kuveketsa tsitsi / kukonzekeretsa, mungathe kuthokoza Aigupto akale kuti apangidwe bedi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ogona asadwale pansi komanso kuti zikhale zovuta kuti makoswe, tizilombo kapena njoka ziwone pa bedi. Zomwe zinapangidwa ndi matabwa (ngati munali wamba) kapena zodzikongoletsera ndi golidi, zokongoletsera komanso zowakomera ngati muli ndi malo abwino kwambiri, bedi lopangira nsanja linali lopangidwa ndi mateti opangidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa. Mapepala a lineni ndi mwala kapena chithandizo chamutu chamatabwa chinaphatikizapo zowonjezera.

• 04 pa 11

  Roma wakale, cha m'ma 1000 BC - 476 AD

  Nzika zolemera kwambiri za ku Roma wakale zinagona pa mabedi okwezedwa ndi zitsulo, zothandizira zitsulo zokopa kuti zikhale ndi nthenga kapena matiresi opangira udzu. Ochepa-olemera anali ndi mabedi ofanana omwe anapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa, ndi zingwe za ubweya zokhala ndi matiresi. Ngati inu munali osawuka, komabe munayenera kuchita ndi chiphaso pansi. Koma pali bedi lamtundu uliwonse, mwinamwake mukanakhala kutentha pansi pa bulangete lanu laubweya, lomwe linali lofala mu ufumu wonse wa Roma. Bedi lomwe lasonyezedwa pano lili mu Museum of Vatican.

• 05 a 11

  Moyo wapakatikati, cha m'ma 5 mpaka 15th century

  Ngati munakhala ku Ulaya zakale, kugona kwanu kukadakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pa malo anu m'moyo. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokhala wolemera, bedi lanu linali mwayi wosonyeza udindo wanu. Zazikulu, zochititsa chidwi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimajambula kapena zodzaza ndi golidi kapena zokongoletsera, mabedi anafutukulidwa kutali kwambiri ndi malo osavuta panthawi ya Middle Ages.

  Kawirikawiri ankapanga nkhuni zolemera, mabedi a olemera ankakwera pansi (nthawi zina kwambiri moti sitimayo inali yofunika kuti ifike kwa iwo.) Mabedi a Fou r-poster anapangidwa panthawiyi, atapachikidwa ndi zovala zavelvet zolemera, zomwe zinkawonetsa chuma cha mwini wake, komanso zinachotsa zojambula ndi tizilombo. Mathalasi anali atakulungidwa pansi ndi nthenga, ndipo mapepala anali opangidwa ndi nsalu zabwino kwambiri.

  Pamene mabedi awa anali okwera mtengo, iwo anali chuma chamtengo wapatali ndipo anadutsamo kupyola mibadwo. Zinali zofala kuti eni ake achifumu kapena olemera akhalebe pabedi kuti alandire alendo, adye chakudya ndikuchita bizinesi.

  Ngakhale kuti sali okhwima ngati ena, bedi lomwe lili pa chithunzi apa ndilopadera kwa nthawiyi.

• 06 pa 11

  Moyo Wakale Wakale

  Ngati mudali osawuka m'zaka zapakati pa nthawiyi, mukanakhala mutagona pa thumba la udzu pansi kapena pa nsanja yosavuta. Pali mwayi woti banja lanu lidzagawana nanu pabedi, kapena kukhala pafupi; chinsinsi sichinali lingaliro lapakatikati. Musanayambe kutembenuka usiku, mukanatha "kugunda udzu" poyesa kuchotsa ziphuphu kuchokera ku mateti anu . Ukagona pabedi, umadziphimba ndi chovala chofiira cha ubweya - palibe zitsulo zabwino kwa iwe. Chifukwa chakuti nyumba za aumphaŵi zinali zocheperapo ndipo mabanja anali aakulu, bedi lanu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kugona usiku, komanso kukhala pansi kapena patebulo masana.

  Chipinda chino chimakhala cha nyumba ya anthu akumidzi.

• 07 pa 11

  Renaissance, cha m'ma 14 mpaka 17th century

  Ngakhale kuti anthu osauka ankapitiriza kugona pazitsamba zochepa zomwe zinkaikidwa pansi kapena pamsewu wophweka, tsopano zinali zachilendo kwa anthu apakati pomwe alibe mphasa yokhala ndi zinayi, komanso chipinda chogona chogona izo. Kawirikawiri, chipinda chogona pa nthawi yoberezeredwa chikanakhala pamwamba pa nyumbayo, ndipo chikanakhala ndi bedi lokhala pansi pamtunda lomwe lingatulutse kuti agone ndi abambo kapena antchito, ndi thumba kuti agwire zovala.

  Kwa anthu olemera kwambiri, chipinda chogona chinali malo otchuka kuti alandire alendo ndi kuchita bizinesi. Zithunzi zinayi zowonjezereka zinakula kwambiri komanso zodzikongoletsera panthawiyi, ndi zojambula zokongola, zojambula zojambula, zokongoletsera zokongola, ndi nsalu zolemera zowonjezera kuti zigwirizane ndi bedi kumbali zonse zinayi ngati zili zofunidwa, komanso nsalu yomwe ingakhale yophimba kapena nkhuni. Nsonga kapena nsalu zokopa zothandizira matiresi, omwe anali odzaza ndi manja ndi ovala ndi nsalu zabwino kwambiri . Chifukwa mabedi awa anali okwera mtengo, iwo anali chuma chofunika kuti apitsidwe kudutsa mu mibadwo ya banja.

  Bedi lokongola lomwe lasonyezedwa pano limatchedwa Bedi Lalikulu la Ware, ndipo tsopano likukhala ku Victoria ndi Albert Museum ku London. Kukula kwakukulu kwa anthu asanu ndi atatu, bedi silinali m'nyumba, koma linakhazikitsidwa mu 1590 monga chokopa alendo ku Ware, England. Zinali zolemekezeka patsikulo kuti Shakespeare anaphatikizirapo ponena kuti "Mdima wa 12". Mwachidwi, bedi lajambula graffiti pamalopo kuchokera kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala nawo zaka zambiri zapitazo.

• 08 pa 11

  Zaka za m'ma 1900

  M'zaka za zana la 18, mabedi anayamba kukhala ophweka, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi makatani aakulu. Pamene mabedi anali opangidwa ndi matabwa, zilembo zazitsulo zinali zitayamba kutchuka. Ma mattresses opangidwa ndi thonje amaloledwa pansi kapena udzu, ngakhale kuti anali atayimilira pamwambo wa bedi ndi dongosolo la nsalu za ubweya kapena zingwe.

  Chimodzi mwa kusintha ^kwakukuru m'zaka za m'ma 1700, komabe, chinali chakuti lingaliro la chipinda chogona ndi malo ogona a tulo linakhazikika kwambiri m'magulu onse a anthu. Panalibenso mafumu kapena olemera omwe amalandira alendo m'chipinda chawo, ndipo sizinali zofanana kuti ali ndi antchito ogona m'chipinda chogona.

  Izi ndizogona chipinda cham'katikati.

• 09 pa 11

  19th Century

  M'zaka za m'ma 1900, zipinda zam'chipinda zinakhala zofanana ndi zomwe timakonda lero , makamaka chifukwa cha kugona kapena kugonana , ngakhale mutakhala mkazi nthawiyi, mungagwiritse ntchito chipinda chanu chogona. Zilonda zolemera za zaka mazana angapo zapitazo zinatha, ngakhale kuti mabedi anayi anali otchuka kwambiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, zinyumbazo zinali zochepa kwambiri, ndipo mabedi ndi mabwalo a mapepala anadumpha moyenera.

  Chimodzi chokwera patsogolo pa bedi panthawiyi chinali kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa zothandizira matiresi, mmalo mwa zingwe kapena ubweya wa ubweya. Pamene izi zinapereka chithandizo chokwanira komanso chokhazikika kwa mateti, iwo adakhumudwa kwambiri.

  Chipinda cha chipinda cha a Victori chimawonetsa kalembedwe kake ka nthawiyi.

• 10 pa 11

  20th Century

  Zaka makumi khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazi zinali nthawi yochulukirapo yowonjezera bedi: bedi la Murphy ndi bedi lonse la madzi linapangidwa ndipo linayamba kutchuka pa nthawiyi. Koma izi sizinali zokhazokha zokhazokha: masitepe awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano - ochita zibwenzi komanso kukumbukira mapuloteni - onse awiri anapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 2000.

  Ngakhale kuti zidapangidwa kale zaka makumi angapo kale, sizinayambe mpaka zaka za m'ma 1950 zomwe zinamveka kuti matayala amatha kutchuka kuti akhale a mateti ambiri. Izi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi-masitepe a masika kuti agwire matiresi, kupanga bedi labwino kwambiri komanso lothandizira kwambiri kusiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale.

  Pofika zaka za m'ma 1960, nthawi zambiri mattresses ndi mapiritsi anali opangidwa ndi thovu m'malo mwa thonje kapena ubweya. Tempur-Pedic anagulitsa matiresi oyambirira odzola mafilimu ku United States mu 1992. Masiku ano, makina otsekemera amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri a makasitomala.

  Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zapakati pazaka za 1950 m'chipinda chogona.

• 11 pa 11

  Zaka za m'ma 2100

  Masiku ano, muli ndi kusankha kuposa kale pomwe mukufika pa mateti anu ndi kachitidwe ka bedi. Zochita zapakhomo, zojambula zozikumbukira, zowonongeka, latex, ndi mpweya zimangokhala zina za magalasi omwe alipo. Ndipo pamene mabedi apulatifomu ndi mapepala anayi adakali otchuka kwambiri, pali mitundu yambiri ya bedi: zitsulo zopangidwa, zowonongeka, bunk, loft, ndi futon, kutchula ochepa. Bedi lafika kutali kwambiri kuchokera kumabowo oyambirira omwe ali ndi udzu, koma mfundo yaikulu siinasinthidwe: malo abwino, otetezeka komanso ogona ogona ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu yanu usiku wonse.