Kusakaza Mitengo Yamakono Achimerica
Wamaluwa ku North America amakonda mipesa yamoto kapena amadana nawo. Mitengo yotentha imatha kupha mitengo ndipo imakhala yovuta kuthetsa malo anu. Koma m'nyengo ya kugwa, mipesa imayika paziwonetsero zina zochepa zomwe zimatha kukangana, monga khungu loyera la chikasu cha zipatso zawo limatuluka kuti liwulule mwala wonyezimira mkati mwake. Ndipo kuti asawonongeke ndi mabulosi, chomeracho chigwera mabulangete a masamba ake omwe amawonedwa ndi chikasu.
Kukula mipesa yokongola kapena kuti asamakula: Chosankha chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'mayiko.
Koma kodi ndichinthu chotani chomwe ife tikuchikamba? Pali mitengo iwiri ya dioecious ndi zipatso zachikasu ndi lalanje zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "kukhumudwitsa." Amawoneka mofanana kwambiri. Mmodzi, mtengo wamphesa wosasuntha wopita ku North America wokhala ndi mitengo yosalala, ndiyo Celastrus scandens , yomwe imatchedwanso "American bittersweet" chomera kapena "chokhumudwitsa." Mmodzi, mpesa wosasangalatsa umene uli pakati pa zomera zakuda kwambiri za kumpoto kwa America ndi mtundu wake umene umabereka minga, ndise "Cestrus orbiculatus ," kapena "mpesa wakuda". Njira inanso yosiyanitsira mitundu ya ku America ndi kummawa ndiyo kuzindikira malo a zipatso zawo: zipatso za American bittersweet zomera zimawoneka pa nsonga za mipesa yokha, pamene mitundu ya kummawa imakula pamphesa.
Koma kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati paziwirizi ndikutengera momwe zimakhudzira zachilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti mipesa yokongola ya kummawa imatengedwa kuti ndi chilengedwe choopsya ndi zomera zambiri za American bittersweet, zikukhala zosavuta kumadera ena kuti tsopano ndizitetezedwa. Ndi mtundu wam'maiko akumawa omwe umayesa kupha mitengo yanu; pamene zomera za American bittersweet zimasokonezedwa.
Malinga ndi USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, zomera za American bittersweet zimapezeka mwachibadwa kumadera ndi kum'mawa kwa US, kupatula ku Florida. Pakalipano, malinga ndi US National Park Service, mipesa yokongola ya kum'mawa imapezeka kummawa kwa Asia; iwo analowetsedwa ku US mu 1860s. Pofotokoza za kufalikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kumayiko a ku America, Park Service imati izi zimachitika "kuchokera ku New York kupita ku North Carolina, ndi kumadzulo kwa Illinois."
Malinga ndi buku lotchedwa Conservation New England, madera okongola oterewa amafalikira kwambiri moti ayamba kuthamangitsa nzika zawo, malinga ndi buku lotchedwa Conservation New England, lomwe limatchula zinthu zambiri za C. orbiculatus kuti aone chifukwa chake amatsutsana ndi wachibale wake wa ku America:
- Zimakopetsa mbalame (zomwe zimabalalitsa mbeu pambuyo podya zipatso), chifukwa zipatso zake zimakhala zobiriwira (zimapanganso zipatso zambiri)
- Mbeu zake zimamera pamwamba kwambiri
- Ndi bwino kujambula zithunzi
Mtundu wovuta kwambiri wopita kumayiko akum'maŵa umapangitsa zomera zina kukhala zochepa, kuzipha pang'onopang'ono. Kumera kwa mbewu yowawa kwambiri pansi pa mtengo kumawoneka kuti n'kopanda phindu. Komabe, sikungatenge nthawi yaitali kuti mpesa wamtundu wakukoma uwapange korona wa mtengo, la Jack's beanstalk yotchuka kwambiri.
Zingakhale zovuta kulingalira mtengo wa mpesa ukupha mtengo, koma mipesa yokongola ya kummawa yapha ambiri chimphona. Mutha kuyeza miyendo inayi m'mitawu, m'mphepete mwa maolivi amawombera mwamphamvu anthu omwe amazunzidwawo kuti mitengoyo ikhale yopota, mwa njira yotchedwa girdling ndi arborists .
Ngakhalenso pamene sakukhalitsa chomera, amachiphimba mumthunzi wambiri kotero kuti amawotcha chomera cha dzuwa chofunikira kuti awonongeke. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa Conservation New England inanena kuti, ngati mitengo yaing'ono ingathe kuphulika, zimatheka chifukwa chakuti mizu ya mitengo imalephera kuthana ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mipesa yozikika.
Koma mwina mukudabwa pa mfundoyi, "Ngati chomera cha American bittersweet chimatchedwanso 'kununkhiza,' ndiye kuti pali 'chokhumudwitsa chenicheni '?" Yankho ndilo inde, koma kuwona koona kwenikweni sikuyimiridwa ndi mtundu wa kummawa, mwina.
Kuti tikambirane za zomera zomwe zimatchedwa "kuchepa," tiyenera kuyambitsa chomera chachitatu m'chinenero chofooka. Pakuti "zokoma" zenizeni ndi chomera chosiyana kwambiri ndi mipesa yamitundu yambiri yam'mawa ndi okondedwa awo ku North America. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti zipatso zake zili ndi poizoni, zokometsera zowona, monga momwe tidzaonera pa tsamba 2, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi ndi azitsamba ngati mankhwala ....
Ndi chiyani mu dzina? Shakespeare anafunsa funsolo kuti apite ku duwa. Koma mosiyana ndi duwa, kununkhira kwachitcha dzina lake. Zimayesa kulingalira kuti dzina lake linachokera ku chikhalidwe chachiwiri cha mpesa chomwe chimakambidwa pa tsamba 1: kutanthauza, kuti ndizowonongeke kwambiri (ngati zinachitikira Celastrus orbiculatus , osati Celastrus scandens ), komabe zokongola. Koma tsoka, kufotokozera sikungokhala ndakatulo. Ndipo musanawulule dzina lochokera ku dzina, nkofunikira kufotokoza khalidwe linalake mu "Comedy of Errors," chomera mu banja lopanda nightshade - nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ).
Ngati palibe mitundu iwiri ya mpesa wowawa kwambiri yomwe imadziwika bwino kwambiri kummawa ndi kummwera kwa United States ndi "zokometsera" zenizeni, ndiye ndi chomera chotani chomwe chiyenera kutero? Yankho: udzu woopsa umene unayambira ku US kuchokera ku Ulaya, wotchedwa "bittersweet nightshade" ( Solanum dulcamara ). Mitengo yokongola ya chomera ichi imakhala kusintha kosangalatsa pakati pa nyengo yokula. Kuyambira ngati mabulosi wobiriwira, amasintha poyamba ku mtundu wachikasu, kenaka ku lalanje, ndipo potsiriza amakhala okhwima kuti afiira. Kupanga chomera chokongola kwambiri ndi chakuti sikuti zipatso zonse zimafika pamagulu awa pa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, si zachilendo kuwona chomera chokoma cha nightshade chokhala ndi zipatso zitatu kapena zinayi (onani chithunzi cha nightshade pamwambapa).
Mabulosiwa amandiwotcha kwambiri (monga zipatso zina zakutchire zomwe ndimakumana nazo ku New England, kuphatikizapo baneberry).
Osati kuti ine ndikupangire kuti wopanga mavitamini amamwa zipatso zonunkhira kapena zonunkhira zakummawa, mwina. Pofotokoza za zipatso za Cestrus scandens , akatswiri a mitsinje ya Moonshine Designs, "Ngakhale sakhala poizoni kwambiri, iwo 'adzakuyeretsani kumapeto onsewo'." Ndipotu, ndibwino kuti musadye gawo lililonse la zomera zomwe simukuzidziwa bwino; Ngati mukulakalaka kukhala Euell Gibbons wotsatira, phunzirani kaye zomwe akatswiri anena za izo (Ine sindine katswiri m'dera lino).
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, osestrus scandens ndi nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi azitsamba ku US m'ma 1800. Pankhani ya Cestrus scandens , makungwawo anasonkhanitsidwa ndi azitsamba; pamene iwo anali nthambi za nightshade yotentha yomwe inali yamtengo wapatali. King's American Dispensatory (1898) imasonyeza kuti imodzi mwa zitsamba imagwiritsa ntchito nightshade yodula ndi ya Celastrus scandens , kapena kununkhiza kwachinyengo, inali ngati diuretic (chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa mkodzo kutuluka).
Ndipo kuchokera kwa dzina, "kutulutsa"? Kuchokera kwa King's American ndikunena izi za nthambi za nightshade zokhumudwitsa: "kukoma kwawo kumakhala kowawa, kumatsatidwa ndi kukoma kokoma komanso pang'ono." Buku lomwelo likuwulula momwe Celastrus scandens anaganiziridwa kuti ndi owawa-okoma, akunena kuti "Makungwawo ali ndi zokoma, zosautsa, koma zokoma."
Choncho ngati onse awiri ali ndi vuto lowawa, bwanji nightshade yokhumudwitsa ( Solanum dulcamara ) ikuwoneka ngati "yowona," pomwe Celastrus scandens amayenera kukhazikitsa "zoipa"? Panthawi imene akatswiri a zokolola za ku Ulaya anapeza malo a Celastrus scandens , dzina lakuti "bittersweet" linali litanenedwa kale ndi nightshade (monga chomera cha Ulaya, Aurope ankadziwa kale).
Koma lasestrus orbiculatus , popeza "kalembedwe" ndi "zonunkhira" zinali zitagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mayina a zomera zina, yankho linadza pa dzina lodziŵika nalo linali kutchula dzina lake pambuyo pa malo ake - Kum'mawa.
Dziwani kuti dzina lofala ndi dzina la botani limakumbatirana chimodzimodzi ndi nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ), yomwe sizimachitika nthawi zonse muzomwe zimatchedwa zomera. Solanum ndi gawo lomwe limasonyeza "nightshade," pamene dulcamara ali ndi mau awiri achilatini - kutanthauza "okoma" ndi "owawa," motero. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa zilankhulo ziwiri ndi dongosolo, popeza Chilatini chikanamasulira kwenikweni monga "nightshade zokoma-zowawa."
Kotero momwe mungathe kuwonera, pamene wina ayamba kukamba za "kukhumudwitsa," zokambirana sizikudziwika bwino: dzina lofala silimakupatseni zokwanira zokambirana.
Chisokonezo chimene ndatchula pamwambapa chimapereka chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha chifukwa chake timagwiritsa ntchito mayina a sayansi a zomera .
Kodi mumakhala msasa wotani pazomwe mukukongoletsera zachilengedwe ndi ku East East? Kodi ndi tizilombo? Kapena kodi ndi zokongola kwambiri kuti zionedwe ngati tizilombo? Njira iliyonse, ndi ya mbalame, monga tiwonera pa tsamba 3 ....
Mbalame za mbalame zazindikira zipatso zamtengo wapatali monga chakudya chodzidzimutsa mbalame m'nyengo yozizira, kuphatikizapo mbalame zam'mlengalenga. Zowawa zonse zakummawa ndi zabodza zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimaphatikizapo. Mitengo itatu yonseyi imathandiza kukonda maulendo a Kum'maŵa kumalo ako okwera mbalame. Nkhani yanga ya sumac imapereka chidziwitso cha ntchito za sumac , mbiri ndi makhalidwe.
Anthu amisiri ndi amisiri amayamba kukondana ndi chiwonongeko (kaya chakummawa kapena chonyenga).
Mphesa yamtengo wapatali ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mkati mwake, kuti imange khalala lakugwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, magawo ang'onoang'ono a mpesa wodzala ndi zipatso nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'makona omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi zipangizo zina.
Oyang'anira malo omwe ali ku US, komabe, akuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri mpesa wamoto waku East. Kuphatikizana ndi zomera zina zosasangalatsa monga zofiirira loosestrife ndi Japanese knotweed, mpesa wokongola Oriental ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimaonedwa ndi ambiri kukhala chiopsezo cha chilengedwe. Mipesa yotentha yam'mawa imathamangitsa zomera zomwe zimakhalapo , m'malo mwake zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi. Kuwonjezera vutoli ndi chakuti, zomera zosagwedezeka kapena ayi, mipesa yamoto imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri moti imayenga anthu kuti awafalitse monga chilengedwe. Monga ngati mipesa yozizira yam'mawa imasowa thandizo lililonse pakufalitsa!
Kupha Oriental Bittersweet: Kuthetsa Chomera Chosafunika
Koma bwanji ngati mukufuna kuteteza mitengo yanu ndikuchotsa ku East?
Herbicides angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa mipesa yamoto; Nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito Roundup (glyphosate) kuti ndiwononge . Ndikhoza kutsimikiziranso kuti Ortho Brush-B-Gon, yomwe imapezeka ndi triclopyr, imakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Nthaŵi yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi pamene mipesa imakumbatirana pansi ndipo simunakhalepo ndi mwayi wokwera mitengo yanu.
Pano ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala ophera mankhwalawa:
- Sakanizani ndi madzi mu sprayer, mosamala mosamala malangizo a ma label
- Kamodzi kamodzi kamatulutsa masamba, gwiritsani ntchito herbicide pa tsiku lodalirika, dzuwa ndi zomera zomwe zili pamwambapa
- Bwerezerani ngati mukufunikira
Koma Bwanji Ngati Kuda Kwambiri Kumadzulo Kumakhala Kovuta Kwambiri?
Malangizo omwe ali pamwambawa ndi othandiza ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi vutoli pakapita nthawi: kutanthauza kuti, kuyambira kwa East Oriental kudakwera mitengo yanu (mpaka kutalika kwake, osachepera). Koma bwanji ngati vutoli latsala kale?
Chabwino, sikuti onse atayika. Ngati mpesa wosawonongeka wagwera kumalo a mitengo, mtengo wa mpesa umakhala wobiriwira. Ndiyo nkhani yoipa. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zomera zokometsera zomwe zimakula mumatope zimadalira mtengowo: madzi ake ayenera kubwera kuchokera ku mizu pansi, kudutsa mu thunthu, ndiyeno kupita ku zomera zapamwamba. Pezani kugwirizana mwa kudula mu thunthu, ndipo mudula madzi ake.
Koma musayime pamenepo. Pasanapite nthawi kudula thunthu, onetsetsani mankhwala a herbicide pamwamba pa chitsa chomwe chilipo. Zidzatengedwera ku mizu, ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzawapha.Chidule
Mwachidule, pali zomera zitatu kum'maŵa ndi ku Central America zomwe zimatchedwa kuttersweet:
- zizindikiro zabodza ( Celastrus scandens ):
- Ngati muli ndi zowonongeka pa malo anu, muli ndi mwayi: ndizomera zakuda zakugwa
- sizowononga
- komanso si chomera chosautsa.
- Kutentha kwa Kum'maŵa ( Celastrus orbiculatus ):
- Kutentha kwa Kum'maŵa, komabe kokongola, kumawononga ndipo kumakhala kovuta kuthetsa, kukhala imodzi mwa zomera zovuta kwambiri za kumpoto kwa America ku North America
- monga chida cha Japan , chimafalikira pansi pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito rhizomes
- nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ), mutu wa tsamba 2:
- osagwirizana ndi "bittersweets" ena awiri
- wokongola koma woopsa
- zowawa zenizeni , zakhala zikudziwika ngati izi zisanachitike zina ziwiri
Ngati zokoma za Kum'mawa zimakukakamizani kuti zikule pamtundu wanu, chitani zodzitetezera kuti pasakhale chomera chosavuta kwambiri. Pitirizani kumalo amodzi a malo anu poletsa kuponderezedwa kwina kulikonse.
Kumene mukulilola kuti likule, kawirikawiri pitani ndi pruner yanu; Pogwiritsa ntchito mosamala, n'zotheka kuti anthu a ku Oriental asamangokhalira kukhumudwa, kuziika pamtunda. Ndipo ngati mutaphunzitsa kuti ikule bwino, pangani lalikulu trellis, kapena kumangiriza mipesa ku mpanda. Musalole kuti Kum'mawa kudumphire kukula pamtengo uliwonse umene umakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
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