Kuchokera kwa Aseloti Kukapsompsona, Chomera Chili Ndi Mbiri Yochititsa Chidwi
Tonsefe timadziwa bwino gawo limodzi la nkhani yosamvetsetseka ya mistletoe. Aliyense amadziwa kuti kupsyopsyona pansi pa mistletoe kwachitika kwa nthawi yaitali, makamaka monga mwambo wa Khirisimasi, ngakhale kuti aliyense samvetsa momwe mwambowu unayambira. Komanso, owerengeka amadziwa kuti chomera cha zomera ichi chimapanga mtundu wa "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda". Ndipo mbiriyakale yake ndizolemba mawu omveka bwino kwa onse koma a scholarly kwambiri.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kukoma pang'ono kwakumapeto:
"Kuno kunali kusungirako masewera achikulire a khungu lamakono, nsapato zakutchire, ntchentche zowopsya, kubala mkate woyera, pulogalamu yachitsulo, ndi kutsekemera chinjoka, kandulo ya Yule-clog ndi khirisimasi inkawotchedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo mistletoe ndi zipatso zake zoyera atapachikidwa, kuopsa koopsa kwa anyamata okongola okongola. "
Ndicho chimene Washington Irving analemba pa nthawi ya Khrisimasi (kuchokera ku Irving's Book Chokotcha ya Geoffrey Crayon, Gent ). Irving akukamba za zikondwerero zozungulira masiku 12 a Khirisimasi, kuphatikizapo kumpsompsona pansi pa mistletoe. Akupitiriza ndi mawu am'munsi:
"The mistletoe akadapachikidwa kumapulasitiki ndi khitchini pa Khirisimasi, ndipo anyamatawo ali ndi mwayi wopsompsona atsikana omwe ali pansi pake, akudula nthawi iliyonse mabulosi ochokera ku chitsamba. Pamene zipatso zonsezo zathyoledwa mwayiwo umatha."
Ife masiku ano taiwalika bwino gawoli potsuka zipatso (zomwe, mwachidziŵitso, ziri poizoni ), ndiyeno nkusiya kugompsana pansi pa mistletoe pamene zipatso zimatuluka.
Pakati pa nyengo ya Khirisimasi pamodzi ndi mapulaneti odyera , laurel , rosemary, yews , matabwa a boxwood , komanso mtengo wamtundu wa Khirisimasi . Koma mwinamwake kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse ya Khirisimasi, ndi zomera zomwe timadziwa pokhapokha pa maholide.
Tsiku lina tikupsompsona pansi pa mistletoe, ndipo tsiku lotsatira tayiwala zonse za izo (ngakhale kuti tingakumbukire kupsompsona).
Pamene zokongoletsera za Khirisimasi zimatsika, zolakwika zimatha kuchokera m'maganizo athu kwa chaka china. Makamaka m'madera omwe zomera sizabadwira (kapena ndizosowa), anthu ambiri sazindikira kuti mistletoe siimakula pansi, koma pamtengo ngati shrub. Ndiko kulondola: Monga zosakondweretsa ngati kumveka, kumpsompsona pansi pa mistletoe kumatanthauza kukumbatira pansi pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiza-Zonse za Druids
Mitundu yambiri yofala ku Ulaya inali ndi tanthauzo lachipembedzo m'maganizo mwa anthu akale. Zolemba za mwambo wa kukupsyopsyona pansi pa zolakwika zingapezeke mu miyambo yachi Celtic. Mu Gaul, dziko la Aselote, a Druids ankawona kuti ndi chomera choyera. Ankaganiza kuti ali ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala komanso mphamvu zodabwitsa. Zotsatira zotsatirazi za wolemba mbiri wakale wachiroma, Pliny Wamkulu ndi mbali ya ndime yautali yachilatini pa phunziro ( Natural History , XVI, 249-251), pochita mwambo wachipembedzo:
"Apa tikuyenera kunena za kulemekeza kwa mbeu iyi ndi Gauls.Druids-chifukwa momwemonso ansembe awo amatchulidwa-alibe chinthu chopatulika kuposa mtoleti ndi mtengo umene umabereka, malinga ngati mtengowo udzakhala thundu ... Mistletoe samakumana nawo kawirikawiri; koma akapeza ena, amawasonkhanitsa, mwambo wapadera .... "
"Pambuyo pokonzekera nsembe ndi phwando pansi pa thundu, amawombera mokhota ngati mankhwala-onse ndi kubweretsa ng'ombe ziwiri zoyera kumeneko, zomwe nyanga zake sizinamangidwepo kale. Wansembe wobvala mkanjo woyera amakwera mtengo waukulu, ndipo ngodya ya golidi, amadula mistletoe, yomwe imagwidwa ndi chovala choyera.Ndipo amapereka nsembe, amapempha mulungu, amene adawapatsa mphotho ngati mphatso, kuti aziwathandiza. Amakhulupirira kuti potioned prepared from mistletoe adzapangitsa nyama zowonongeka kukhala zowonongeka, ndi kuti chomera ndi mankhwala okhwimitsa poizoni. Izi ndizo mphamvu zapadera zomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ngakhale zinthu zochepa kwambiri. "
Zikhulupiriro Zachikhalidwe ndi Miyambo ya Mistletoe
Koma kodi mwambo weniweni wa kupsompsona pansi pa mistletoe unayamba bwanji? Kuti tiphunzire zimenezo, tiyenera kubwerera ku Scandinavia yakale, ku miyambo yake ndi nthano zake za ku Norway. Chizolowezi chomwe chinapangidwira kumeneko, malinga ndi Dr. Leonard Perry, chinali chakuti, mutakhala kunja kwa nkhalango, mutapezeka mutayima pansi pa chomera ichi mutakumana ndi mdani, inu nonse munayenera kuika manja anu mpaka tsiku lotsatira.
Chikhalidwe chakale cha ku Scandinavia chinapangitsa mwambo wakupsompsona pansi pa mistletoe. Koma mwambowo unayendana ndi nthano za Norse za Baldur. Amayi a Baldur anali mulungu wamkazi wa Norse, Frigga. Pamene Baldur anabadwa, Frigga anapanga chinthu chilichonse, cholengedwa, chamoyo, ndi chopanda moyo kuti chidzawononge Baldur. Koma Frigga ananyalanyaza chomera cha mistletoe, ndipo mulungu woipa wa nthano za Norse, Loki, anagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu.
Loki adanyenga mulungu wina kuti aphe Baldur ndi mkondo wopangidwa ndi mistletoe. Hermódr Bold anasankhidwa kukwera ku Hel pofuna kuyesa kubwezeretsa Baldur. Mkhalidwe wa Hel kuti abwerere Baldur unali kuti zonse zomaliza padziko lapansi, zamoyo ndi zakufa, zinkayenera kulira Baldur. Polephera, adakhalabe ndi Hel. Chikhalidwe ichi chitayesedwa, onse analira kupatulapo chimphona china, chomwe amakhulupirira kuti Loki amadzibisa. Motero, kuuka kwa Baldur kunalephereka.
Gwero lakale la nthano iyi ya Norse ndi Prose Edda. Koma kusiyana kwa nkhani ya Baldur ndi mistletoe kwatsikira kwa ife, nayenso. Mwachitsanzo, ena amavomereza kuti anavomera, pambuyo pa imfa ya Baldur, kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mistletoe adzabweretsa chikondi mmalo mwa imfa kulowa m'dziko lapansi, ndipo kuti anthu awiri akudutsa pansi pa mistletoe adzasinthasintha kukumbukira Baldur. Ena akuwonjezera kuti misozi yomwe Frigga anakhetsa pa ophedwa a Baldur anakhala zipatso za mistletoe.
Sitikudziwa kuti, ngati titi tichotse mchitidwe wa chikhalidwe ndi nthano zozungulira kudandaula pansi pa mistletoe kuti tipeze mbiri yake yeniyeni, tidzakhala pakati pa zakale zamakedzana. Kwa nthawi yaitali Mistletoe amayamba kuonedwa ngati nthiti yachitsulo komanso yachonde. Zitha kukhala ndi kuthetsa mimba, zomwe zingathandize kufotokoza mgwirizano wawo ndi kugonana kosaloledwa.
Information Botanical pa Mistletoe
Mbiri yosadziwika ya mbiri yamakono imayendetsa njira yowonjezera kufotokozera mantha omwe anagwidwa ndi anthu akale. Pakuti, ngakhale kuti sanakhazikike m'nthaka, mistletoe anakhalabe wobiriwira m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mitengo yomwe idakula komanso yomwe idadyetsa sizinali (mchitidwe wa European mistletoe umakula nthawi zambiri pa mitengo ya apulo ; Chisangalalo ichi chiyenera kuti chinali champhamvu pa anthu asanakhale asayansi.
Mitundu yambiri ya mistletoe imasankhidwa ngati zirombo zochepa. Sizirombo zonse, chifukwa zomera zimatha kujambula zithunzi. Koma zomera zimenezi zimakhala ndi parasitic m'lingaliro lakuti amatumiza mtundu wapadera (wotchedwa "haustoria") mpaka kumalo awo, kuti atulutse zakudya kuchokera ku mitengo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miseche ikukula padziko lonse lapansi, kotero zimakhala zovuta kufalitsa zomera. Mistletoe ali m'banja la Loranthaceae . Maluwa a zovuta zam'mlengalenga akhoza kukhala akuluakulu komanso obiriwira kuposa maluwa aang'ono achikasu (pambuyo pake akubala zipatso zamtundu woyera) omwe Akumadzulo amayanjana nawo. The mistletoe yomwe imapezeka ku Ulaya imatchedwa Viscum albamu , pomwe mnzake wa ku America ndi Phoradendron flavescens .
Amwenye a US amakhalanso ndi a mistletoe, omwe amatchedwa Arceuthobium pusillum . Chotsatirachi si chinthu chimene mukufuna kuti mukhale nacho pamtunda wanu, chifukwa chimavulaza mitengo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito. Ngakhalenso mauthenga a hemiparasitic sakhala opindulitsa kwa anthu okhala nawo. Koma A. pusillum ndi mvula yambiri, yopanda masamba okha. Ndipo popeza palibe masamba kuti mukolole mmera, mistletoe amamera ndi opanda ntchito ngati kukongoletsera Khirisimasi .
Pamene opanga mapepala akuyang'ana pa kupsyopsyona pansi pa mistletoe, ndipo pamene botanists amalingalira posiyanitsa zigawo zina zapachirombo kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya mthupi, achipatala ayamba kufufuza zomwe zimatipindulitsa za mistletoe ku thanzi laumunthu. Wojambula Suzanne Somers anadziwitsa anthu za kafukufuku amene akuchitika pa mistletoe ngati mankhwala othetsera khansa ya m'mawere. Amuna asankha kuchita khansa yake ya m'mawere ndi Iscador, mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mistletoe.
Chiyambi cha Mawu, "Mistletoe"
Chiyambi cha mawu, "mistletoe," imakhala yovuta komanso yovuta monga momwe botany ndi nthano zikuzungulira chomeracho.
Mawu ochokera ku lingaliro la asayansi asanakhalepo omwe amachititsa kuti zomera zisamawonongeke, zimatuluka, ngati kuti ndi matsenga, kuchokera ku chimbudzi cha "mistel" (kapena "missel"). Malingana ndi Sara Williams ku yunivesite ya Saskatchewan Extension, "Zakale zinkakhala zikuoneka kuti kawirikawiri mbolayi imawonekera pa nthambi kapena nthambi yomwe mbalame zinasiya zitosi." Mistel 'ndilo liwu la Anglo-Saxon la' ndowe, 'ndi' Tani 'ndilo liwu lakuti' nthambi '. Choncho, mistletoe amatanthawuza' ndowe-ndi-twig '(osati kwenikweni mawu ochokera mu chikhalidwe cha chikondi cha zomera za mistletoe). "
Ngakhale kuti chikhulupiliro cha mibadwomibadwo chakhala chidziwikiratu, mawu ochokera ku "mistletoe" sali osangalatsa monga momwe munthu angaganizire poyamba. Williams anati: "Pofika zaka za m'ma 1500, akatswiri a zitsamba anapeza kuti chomeracho chinkafalikira ndi mbewu zomwe zinadutsa mbalame." Ndipo anthu adadziwa nthawi yambiri kuti zomera za mistletoe zimakonda kwambiri mankhwalawa. Kotero, pamene kulingalira kwawo kunali kofanana, okalambawo anali olondola, pambuyo pake, potchula zomera za mitsempha pambuyo pa mbalame yomwe imayambitsa kufalitsa.
Zolemba Zake Zamakedzana
Monga momwe tingayembekezere kuchokera ku chomera chimene chachititsa chidwi cha anthu kwa nthawi yaitali, chomera cha mistletoe chavekanso chithunzi cha kutchuka kwachokha m'mabuku olembedwa. Mabuku awiri odziŵika bwino a miyambo ya kumadzulo amasonyeza mwatsatanetsatane mistletoe shrub, omwe amapatsidwa dzina loti "golide wa golidi."
M'buku la Virgil's Aeneid , buku lodziŵika kwambiri m'Chilatini, buku lachiroma, Aeneas amagwiritsa ntchito "nthambi ya golidi" pamutu wovuta wa bukhuli. Mtsinje wa golidi unkapezeka pa mtengo wapadera wopatulika kwa Diana, ku Nemi, mtengo wokhala ndi mistletoe. Mneneri wamkazi, Sibyl analamula Aeneas kuti atuluke nthambi iyi yamatsenga asanayese kupita kudziko lapansi.
Sibyl ankadziwa kuti, mothandizidwa ndi matsenga otero, Aeneas akanatha kuchita zovuta kuti akhale ndi chidaliro. Nkhunda ziŵiri zinatsogolera Aeneas kupita ku mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndipo anafika pa mtengowo, "womwe unayang'ana phokoso la golidi. Monga momwe zimakhalira m'nkhalango m'nyengo yozizira, mistletoe-yomwe imatulutsa mbewu yachilendo kumtengo wake, imakhala masamba ndi masamba zipatso zake zachikasu zazitsulo, choncho golide wonyezimira ankawonekera pamtengo waukulu kwambiri, choncho golide uyu ankawombera mumphepo yamphepo "( Aeneid VI, 204-209).
Mutu wa Sir James G. Frazer's anthropological classic, The Golden Bough , umachokera ku zochitika zomwe Virgil's Aeneid . Koma kodi chinthu chobiriwira ngati zomera za mistletoe chingagwirizane bwanji ndi mtundu, golidi ? Malingana ndi Frazer, mbola imatha kukhala "nthambi ya golide" chifukwa pamene chomera chimafota (ngakhale ngakhale masamba otentha amafa), chomera chimakhala ndi golide. Pabwino. Koma botani ndi kafukufuku amafunika kusanganikirana kuti athe kufotokozera kwathunthu.
Malingaliro a golidi mu masamba owuma a zomera za mistletoe mwina amakhudzidwa ndi kuti, mu chikhalidwe cha ku Europe, zinkaganiziridwa kuti zokolola zimabweretsa padziko lapansi pamene mphezi imagwera mtengo mu golide wa golide. Ndipo kufika koyenerera kudzakhala, pambuyo pake, kwa chomera chomwe nyumba yake ili pakatikati pa miyamba ndi dziko lapansi.