Kulamulira Tizilombo ndi Matenda Mavuto M'munda Wamasamba
Pali mau ambiri okhudzana ndi kuwononga tizilombo masiku ano, mtsogoleri wawo ndi IPM, Integrated Pest Management.
Palibe njira yosungira zachilengedwe zonse m'munda wanu. Wogulitsa minda yabwino akhoza kuchita ndi kugwira ntchito mofanana ndi chikhalidwe ndi kuyeza ndi kosavuta kusunga kusiyana ndi kubwezeretsanso. Ndiko kukongola kwa IPM, kuphatikizapo kudziwa nthawi ndi chifukwa chake vuto likhoza kuchitika, kutenga njira zoyenera kupeĊµa vuto poyamba, kuyang'ana maso kuti asinthe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsetsa, njira zoyendetsera ndalama ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kodi Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ndi chiyani?
Kugwirizanitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena IPM ndi mawu omveka bwino ogwiritsira ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru ndi kuwoneratu m'munda wanu kuti muteteze mavuto ambiri ndikugwira ndi kulamulira zomwe zikuchitika mwamsanga. EPA imatanthawuza kuti IPM ndi "... kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosamalidwa ndi tizilombo komanso zachilengedwe ndi njira zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo towononga kwambiri ndi njira zopezera ndalama komanso zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa anthu, katundu, ndi chilengedwe."
Poyamba IPM inakonzedwa kuti ikhale amalonda, chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Olima am'munda adasintha mfundo za IPM ndipo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala osokoneza bongo, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
IPM siyomwe ikulamulira, ndi njira kapena dongosolo lomwe limagwirizana ndi kutuluka kwa nyengo mu munda wa ndiwo zamasamba.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mavuto amabwera ndikupita. Ndi wamaluwa ati omwe akuyenera kukumbukira za IPM ndi:
- Kupewa: Ndingapewe bwanji mavuto?
- Kuwunika: Kodi ndizovuta kapena chochitika chokhachokha?
- Kusanthula: Ndili ndi chiwonongeko chotani chomwe ndikufunitsitsa kupirira?
- Kuletsa: Ndingaletse bwanji izo zisanawonongeke?
Kugwiritsa ntchito IPM mu Munda Wanu Wamasamba
- Kupewa: Ndingapewe bwanji mavuto?
Sungani munda wathanzi.
- Mitengo ya zomera zomwe zikuyenera ku malo anu.
- Dziwani kuti tizilombo ndi matenda ali ponseponse m'dera lanu komanso mitundu yolimbana ndi zomera.
- Gwiritsani ntchito msampha mbewu ndi zikhomo za mzere, kuchotsa ndi kusinthanitsa tizilombo towononga.
- Limbikitsani tizilombo togawira.
- Kusakaniza masamba , kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mavuto.
- Ikani mitengo kuti muwachotse pansi.
- Madzi nthawi zonse, choncho zomera sizikulimbana ndi chilala.
- Mulch kuti zisawononge nthaka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zomera.
- Sinthanthani mbewu zanu kuti muteteze vutoli.
- Chotsani ndi kutaya zomera zodwala kapena zakufa.
- Chotsani zitsamba zonse mu kugwa, kotero palibe malo odyetsera njuchi ndi spores.
- Kuwunika: Kodi ndizovuta kapena chochitika chokhachokha?
Dziwani zomwe mukuchita nazo.
- Yang'anani zomera zanu nthawi zonse. Yang'anirani zizindikiro zoyambirira za tizirombo ta mmunda, ngati mabowo, kuphimba, mafunde ndi kusintha kwa maonekedwe. Yang'anani pansi pa masamba.
- Dziwani vutoli musanachile. Kodi ndi matenda, tizilombo, kusowa kwa zakudya, kalulu ...? Kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku bakiteriya sakufuna kuchita chirichonse.
- Kodi izo zidzafalikira kapena ndi zazing'ono? Mavuto ena ndi nyengo. Masangweji a sikwashi adzakula ndi kuchoka m'munda mwa chilimwe. Nkhaka kafadala idzafalitsa matenda anu onse.
- Kusanthula: Ndili ndi chiwonongeko chotani chomwe ndikufunitsitsa kupirira?
Musati muchitepo. Mmodzi wa nyongolotsi sayenera kukutumizira kumalo okhetsedwa chifukwa cha sprayer.
- Kodi tizilombo timapangitsa masamba kukhala oipa, koma osati kuwononga masamba?
- Kodi vuto lidzakhalapo asanawonongeke kwenikweni?
- Kodi iyi ndi vuto lokhalokha lomwe lidzatha pamene nyengo idzasintha kapena tizilombo tikupitirirabe?
- Kodi ndine wokonzeka kupereka dill kuti ndikhale ndi agulugufe?
- Kuletsa: Ndingaletse bwanji izo zisanawonongeke?
Pamene vuto silidzatha palokha, yambani ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri poyamba.
- Kuwombera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zokolola, zokopa kapena magulu othandizira zimathandiza kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuwunika momwe vutoli lirili.
- Kutulutsidwa kutsamba ndi kosavuta ngati kuyambitsidwa msanga.
- Chotsani kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachirombo kakang'ono musanafike nthawi yofalitsa.
- Mukhoza kuyang'anira mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'munsi mwa masamba ndi sikwashi kapena kuchotsa mazira asanakhale vuto.
- Mbalame zambiri zimapita pang'onopang'ono, makamaka pamene zimaswana, ndipo mukhoza kuzigogoda kuchokera ku zomera mumadzi a sopo.
- Obwezera amatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chokhudzidwapo popanda kupha chomeracho.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kungakhale kofunikira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zomera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zomwe zimadya monga masamba. Yambani ndi imodzi yomwe ili yochepa kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ndi organic sikutanthauza kuti palibe vuto lililonse. Ena akhoza kukhala poizoni kwa anthu ndipo ena ali poizoni kwa nyama zakutchire, tizilombo ndi zomera. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo tochepa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza amatha kupweteka kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kamodzi kokha.Koma, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi tizilombo tolimba omwe sagonjetsedwa nawo ndi opanda pake.
Chifukwa Chogwiritsira Ntchito IPM
- Chifukwa ngati mutha kusunga munda wanu bwinobwino, mudzakhala ndi mavuto ochepa pakapita nthawi.
- Simungataye mbewu zonse zamasamba kuti mukhale ndi mwana mmodzi yekha.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi zotsika kwambiri zidzalola kuti tizilombo "zabwino" tizilombo tipitirire. Muyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Dothi lanu lidzakhalabe labwino ndi lachonde, lomwe lidzakupatsani ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezerapo thanzi.
- Munda wanu udzakhala malo otetezeka kuti ana ndi ziweto aziyendera.