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Kodi Septoria Leaf Spot N'chiyani?
Scot Nelson / Flickr / Public Domain Malo a tsamba la Septoria, omwe amatchedwanso Septoria blight, ndi wamba wamba wa tomato . Zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa ( Septoria lycopersici ) ndipo zimakhudza tomato ndi zomera zina mu banja la Solanaceae, makamaka mbatata ndi biringanya , pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti malo a tsamba la Septoria sali ophera zomera za phwetekere, amafalikira mofulumira ndipo amatha kufoola ndi kufooketsa zomera, kuwapangitsa iwo kusabereka zipatso kuti akhwime.
Nchiyani Chimachititsa Septoria Leaf Spot?
Nkhumba za fungus ndi zabwino kwambiri kubisala ndikudikirira zinthu zabwino. Amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, kuyembekezera kupeza zinthu. Nkhumba za Septoria lycopersici zimakhala pa zomera za tomato zakugwa zowonongeka ndi namsongole omwe ali pamtunda. Chimafalikira ku zomera ndi madzi ndi mphepo, nthawi zambiri zimamera pamwamba pa zomera. Mafunde ofunda (60 mpaka 80 F), malo amvula ndi abwino kwambiri pa malo a tsamba la Septoria kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yomwe muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Ngati agwidwa msanga, akhoza kulamulidwa.
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Zizindikiro za Septoria Leaf Spot pa phwetekere zomera
Elizabeth Bush, Virginia Polytechnic Institute ndi State University, Bugwood.org Mawanga a Septoria amayamba kuoneka ngati ozungulira ndipo poyamba amapezeka pamunsi mwa masamba akale, pansi pa zomera. Zing'onozing'ono, 1/16 - 1/8 mainchesi (1.6 - 3.2 mm) m'mimba mwake, ndi mdima wofiira ndi malo owala kwambiri kapena amphepete.
Pamene matendawa akukula, mawangawo amatha kukhala aakulu ndipo akhoza kuphatikiza pamodzi. Ngati muwawona pogwiritsa ntchito lenti lokulitsa mukhoza kuona matupi a fruiting, omwe amawoneka ngati ziphuphu zakuda, monga momwe taonera pamwambapa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa malo a tsamba la Septoria ndi magulu ena omwe amadwala matenda.
Ngakhale kuti zizindikirozo zimachitika makamaka m'magulu akale, masamba ochepa, matendawa amatha kukula pena paliponse pa moyo wa phwetekere. Zimatha kuoneka pa zimayambira komanso maluwa ndi calyxes. Chinthu chimodzi chochepa cha uthenga wabwino - sichimakhudza kawirikawiri zipatso.
Ngati simunatengedwe, tsamba la tsamba la Septoria lidzapangitsa masamba kukhala otumbululuka ndipo potsirizira pake adzauma ndi kugwa. Izi zidzafooketsa chomeracho, kutumiza izo kuchepa ndi kuyambitsa dzuwa kutentha kwa tomato osatetezedwa, poyera. Popanda masamba, chomeracho sichingapitirize kubereka ndikukula msanga. Malo a tsamba la Septoria amafalikira mofulumira.
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Kusamalira ndi Kulamulira Spetoria Leaf Spot pa Tomato
Paul Bachi, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Bugwood.org Mwina simungapewe malo a tsamba la Septoria palimodzi. Ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimapatsidwa malo abwino, zimayesetsa kugwira ntchito mumunda wanu. Komabe, pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake ndikuziletsa kuti zisapitirirebe.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu yopanda matenda. Palibe umboni woti umatengedwa ndi njere, koma ikani kumbali yotetezeka ndipo musapulumutse mbewu kuchokera ku zomera zowononga. Kukonza bwino mbeu za phwetekere mukupulumutsira kungathandizenso kuchotsa mbewu za matenda othawa.
- Yambani ndi munda woyera. Chotsani zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa. Nkhumba sizikhala m'nthaka, koma zimatha kuzizira pazomera za zomera. Choncho nkofunika kuthetsa zomera zonse zomwe zimakhudza kutali ndi munda ndi kompositi . Kumbukirani kuti zikhoza kufalikira ku mbatata zanu ndi ma eggplant, inunso.
- Pewani kuthirira pamwamba. Zida za madzi kufalikira kwa malo a tsamba la Septoria. Pewani masamba onse momwe mungathere ndi kuthirira pansi pazomera zokha. Inde, n'kosatheka kusunga mvula pa zomera zanu, koma pang'ono pokha kumathandiza.
- Perekani mpata woyendetsa mpweya. Siyani malo ena pakati pa phwetekere zomera kotero pali mpweya wabwino. Awaleni kuti asakhudze nthaka ndipo osati onse agwirizane palimodzi. Kufalitsa mpweya wabwino n'kofunikira makamaka nthawi yamvula ndi yamvula.
- Mulch pansi pa zomera. Mtengo wa mulch udzateteza spores pansi kuti asawoneke pamunsi masamba.
- Taganizirani mmene mungapangire mankhwala ophera fungicide. Mafungicides omwe ali ndi mkuwa kapena potassium bicarbonate amathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa. Yambani kupopera mankhwala pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonekera ndikutsatira malemba omwe akunena kuti akutsogolera.
- Bzalani tomato chaka chamawa mu gawo lina la munda wanu. M'minda yaing'ono, si nthawi zonse zothandiza kusintha mbewu zanu, choncho kuyera bwino komanso kusungika bwino kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri.