Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amadziwa kusiyana pakati pa mtengo ndi shrub, koma kodi mungaufotokoze? Shrub ndi yaying'ono kuposa mtengo, inde. Koma pali zambiri. Mlengi wotchuka wa munda wa ku Britain David Domoney akuyenera kunena za kusiyana pakati pa zitsamba ndi mitengo:
"Shrub imatchedwa ngati chomera chochepa kwambiri kuposa mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndikuti shrub ili ndi zimayambira zowonjezera kukula kuchokera pansi, osati thunthu limodzi ... Mawu 'zochepa kuposa mtengo' zingakhale zonyenga, komabe, zitsamba zingakhale zosiyana kuchokera ku chivundikiro cha pansi kufikira tchire lalikulu. "
Mapeto ayenera kuti ali ofanana koma osati chimodzimodzi. Tiyeni tiyang'ane makhalidwe a aliyense mwatsatanetsatane.
Zizindikiro za Mitengo
Choyamba, mitengo, zitsamba, ndi mipesa yokoma ndizo zokha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zomwe zimatchedwa mitengo ya nthochi ndi mitengo, koma kwenikweni imakhala ngati therere lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mukadziwa kuti chomera chikukula, mungadziwe ngati mtengo, shrub, kapena mpesa. Mipesa ndi yosavuta chifukwa zimayambira ndi nthambi zawo komanso kukula kwake. Koma kusiyana pakati pa mitengo ndi zitsamba kungakhale kovuta kufotokoza. Tanthauzo lovomerezeka la mtengo, malinga ndi Utah State University (USU), ndi "chomera chokhachokha chokhala ndi tsinde limodzi losatha (thunthu) osachepera masentimita atatu m'litali mamita 4 ndipansi pansi, motsimikizika anapanga korona wa masamba, ndi kutalika kwa msinkhu wa mamita 13. "
Merriam-Webster amavomereza, kufotokoza mtengo ngati: "chomera chokhazikika chokhazikika chomwe kawirikawiri chimapangitsa kuti tsinde lalikulu likhale ndi masamba ochepa kapena opanda pake pansi pake."
Colorado State Forest Service ikufotokoza momwe mitengo imagwirira ntchito pofufuza zochitika zawo:
- Mtengo ndi chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi minofu yambiri. Mitengo imasonkhanitsa kuwala kwa photosynthesis kudutsa masamba awo; Ndondomekoyi imapanga "chakudya" cha mtengo.
- Mitengo yambiri ya mtengo ndi minofu yakufa ndipo imangotithandiza kulemera kwa mtengo wa mtengo. Mbali za kunja kwa mtengo ndi mtengo wokhawokha. Cambium imapanga matabwa atsopano ndi makungwa atsopano.
- Gulu la minofu kunja kwa cambium ndi phloem. Phloem imatengera zipangizo zatsopano (shuga lopangidwa kuchokera ku photosynthesis) kuyambira korona mpaka mizu. Mitundu yakufa ya phloem imakhala makungwa a mtengo.
- Gulu la minofu mkati mwa cambium ndi xylem , yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera mizu kupita ku korona. Mitembo ya Dead xylem imapanga mtimawood, kapena nkhuni zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
- Chaka chilichonse mitengo imakula mphete ziwiri pachaka. M'katikatikati mwa nyengo, kawirikawiri kumakhala mipanda yowonjezera ndi yoonda kwambiri yotchedwa springwood mitundu. M'nyengo yozizira, mpanda wokhoma kwambiri, wotchedwa summerwood, umayamba. Mphete yamphongoyi imakhala yamtengo wapatali m'mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Mitengo yambiri yomwe imapezeka ku United States ikuphatikizapo: mapulogalamu ofiira, mapuloteni a phala, sweetgum, Douglas fir, quaking aspen, mapulo a shuga, balsam fir, flowerwood dogwood, lodgepole pine, ndi mtengo waukulu.
Zizindikiro za Zitsamba
Zitsamba zimatanthauzidwa monga: " chomera chokhala ndi masamba angapo osatha chomwe chingakhale chokhazikika kapena chogona pafupi ndi nthaka. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi kutalika kosakwana mamita makumi atatu ndipo chimayambira osaposa masentimita atatu."
Merriam-Webster amaitcha shrub "chomera chochepa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chomera," komanso "chomera chokhala ndi masamba angapo komanso chochepa kuposa mitengo yambiri."
Kaya mumatcha zitsamba kapena zitsamba, zomera zimenezi "ndizofunika ku malo ena onse," anatero Jerry Goodspeed, wa USU Extension horticultistist.
"Mitengo yomwe imakhalapo nthawi ndi nthawi imapereka mtundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitengo imapanga mthunzi ndi maonekedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala nyumba ndi madiresi. Zitsamba ndizo zomera zomwe timagwirizana nazo-zimatithandiza kuti tizimva mbali ya malo chifukwa zimatsikira kumalo athu. ... Chitsamba kapena chitsamba ndi chomera chokhala ndi msinkhu wautali wa pakati pa theka ndi theka limodzi. Chilichonse chochepa ndi chivundikiro cha pansi, chirichonse chomwe chiri chachikulu ndi mtengo ndipo zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kumalo. "
Onani kuti pali kusagwirizana kokwanira pazitali za zitsamba.
Goodspeed imatanthawuza kutalika kwake kwa shrub ngati mapazi khumi, pamene ena, monga tawonera pamwambapa, amayerekezera mamita 13. Mulimonsemo, mapiri onsewa ndi ochepa kuposa mitengo yambiri.
Zomera zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku United States zikuphatikizapo: mfiti, forsythia, lilacs, rosi ya Sharon, Fothergilla, oakleaf hydrangea, nkhuni yofiira, nkhuni, golide, Mfumu ya Gold, Stewartstonian azalea, roses, ndi hibiscus.
Kusiyanitsa kochititsa chidwi
Tsatanetsatane imeneyi ndi mfundo zoyambira posiyanitsa mitengo ndi zitsamba, koma monga momwe ziliri zambiri, pali zosiyana. Pokhapokha mutatsata malingaliro ambiri, muyenera kudziwa ngati chomera ndi mtengo kapena shrub.
Mitengo ina, monga mtsinje wa birch ndi mapapanishi achi Japan angakhale ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Zitsamba zina zingapangidwe mu mtengo wawung'ono pophunzitsa thunthu limodzi.
Mitengo yam'madzi ngati nkhwangwa, aka filberts, ndi zomera zomwe zimatha kukula ngati shrub kapena mtengo. Ngati asiyidwa okha, akhoza kukhala "trub," malinga ndi Dennis Hinkamp wa USU Extension. Iye akufotokoza kuti:
"Trub ndi chomera chomwe sichikhoza kusankha ngati mtengo kapena shrub. Chimafika, koma chimakula mpaka mamita oposa mamita 15, chomwe chimapanga kuti ndi ... Jerry Goodspeed, Utah State Yunivesite Extension horticulturist, akuti, 'Nkhonozi ... ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikukula ngati mtengo chifukwa zimapindulitsa kwambiri ngati mtengo ndipo zimakhala zowonongeka, zouluka shrub.' Akaphunzitsidwa ngati mtengo, mchenga amatha kukula mpaka mamita pafupifupi 20, ndipo kufalikira kwakukulu, [Goodspeed] akuti. Amafuna pollination, choncho mitundu iwiri yosiyana imayenera kubzalidwa. "