Kodi Steller Ndi Ndani?

Steller ndi dzina losazolowereka la mbalame, losasokonezedwa ndi nyenyezi, nyenyezi, kapena zokhudzana ndi zakuthambo. Mbalame zotchedwa "steller" zatchulidwa dzina la munthu wodzipereka wodzipereka yekha yemwe samadziwika nthawi zonse pa moyo wake koma masiku ano amadziwika ndi maphunziro ake a Arctic a zinyama ndi zinyama zapadera za m'madera ambiri.

Dzina : Georg Wilhelm Steller
Kubadwa : March 10, 1709, Windsheim, Germany
Imfa : November 14, 1746, Tyumen, Siberia, Russia

About Georg Steller

Georg Steller anali katswiri wa zachilengedwe wa ku Germany, katswiri wa zamoyo ndi zomera. Ngakhale kuti sanachite nawo zachilengedwe adakali mwana, adapeza chilakolako chake akuphunzira ku yunivesite ya Wittenberg ndi University of Halle, panthawi yomweyi akuphunziranso mankhwala. Mu 1734 analowa m'gulu lankhondo la Russia, kwa nthawi yochepa, akugwira ntchito monga dokotala. Anagwiranso ntchito ku Imperial Academy of Sciences ku St. Petersburg, kumene anali mnzake wa Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, katswiri wa zachilengedwe komanso wojambula malo omwe amadziwika ntchito yake ku zitsamba za ku Siberia. Steller adakondwera ndikulemba mwatsatanetsatane mauthenga ndi mauthenga abwino a Messerschmidt, ndipo adasinthira njirazi pazinthu zake.

Mu 1737, Steller anakwatira mzimayi wa Messerschmidt, Brigitta Messerschmidt, ngakhale kuti awiriwa akanakhala ochepa monga ntchito ya Steller nthawi zambiri ankapita naye kutali.

Steller anachita nawo maulendo angapo akuyang'ana kumpoto kwa mbali za Russia, nthawi zambiri amayendetsa sitima komanso agalu.

Ulendo wapadera kwambiri umenewu unali ulendo wa 1741 wopita ku St. Peter motsogoleredwa ndi Captain Vitus Bering, ulendo wopita ku North America. Mu July 1741, sitimayo idapanga malo ku Kayak Island, Alaska, ndipo pamene ogwira ntchitoyo ankatunga madzi ndi zakudya zomwe zinalipo, Steller anapanga mauthenga odzudzula kwa maola 10.

Panthawi imeneyo, analemba zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe kale sizinkazindikire. Zina mwa izo zinali mdima wandiweyani, womwe unkakhala wofanana kwambiri ndi jay wotchuka kwambiri wa kum'mawa kwa North America. Kufanana kumeneku kunapangitsa Steller kukhulupirira kuti, atapeza njira yabwino ku North America, ndipo mbalameyo inadzatchulidwa pambuyo pake . Kufufuza mwachidule kwa chilumba cha Kayak kumapangitsa Georg Steller mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira a ku Ulaya kufufuza Alaska.

Ulendo wobwereza unali wovuta, ndipo nthawi ina sitimayo inkafikira pamene anthu ogwidwa ndi matendawa ankadwala matenda enaake komanso matenda ena m'nyengo yozizira. Steller anatenga udindo pa utsogoleri pa nthawiyo ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito luso lake lachipatala kuti athe kusamalira antchito mpaka nthawi imeneyo kuti ayambe kukwanira kuti amangenso bwato ndikuyambiranso ulendo wawo.

Kuwonjezera pa kukakamiza kwake zolemba zenizeni ndi zowonjezera zomwe adaziwona mwachilengedwe, Steller anali wachifundo komanso anasonyeza chikhulupiriro cholimba pa kusungirako zachilengedwe. Ananyansidwa ndi nkhanza ku chirengedwe, ndipo adatsutsa mwamphamvu nkhandwe ndi tizirombo tina ngakhale pamene nyama zinkakhala zopanda malire. Anamutsutsanso anthu omwe anali mbadwa, kotero kuti zionetsero zake zotsutsana ndi mankhwalawa zinapangitsa kuti boma la Russia limuone ngati woukira boma ndipo anamangidwa mwachidule.

Atatulutsidwa, adayendayenda kumadzulo kupita ku St. Petersburg atakhala wofooka kwambiri. Anamwalira ku Tyumen, Siberia, ndipo lero chophimba paki ya paki yopanda chidziwitso chimaonetsa imfa yake.

Pamene Steller analemba za zochitika zake ndikusunga makalata ndi zolemba zambiri, ntchito yake sinali yofalitsidwa m'moyo wake. Magazini ake anali othandiza kwa ofufuza ena a kumpoto kwa nyanja ya North Pacific, komabe, kuphatikizapo Captain James Cook, ulendo wawo wachitatu wopambana unali kufunafuna malo ozungulira nyanja ya North America.

Zopereka kwa Mbalame

Ngakhale kuti Georg Steller sanali wozizira kwambiri, ntchito yake yachilengedwe inakhudzidwa kwambiri podziwa za avifauna.

• Choyamba, adalemba za Steller's jay, pogwiritsa ntchito zofanana ndi zofanana ndi za mtundu wa blue jay monga umboni wosatsimikizirika wa kufika ku North America. Maulendo omwewo analembanso panopa yotchedwa cormorant ( Phalacrocorax perspicillatus ) komanso mbalame ndi nyama zina zomwe zisanachitikepo.
  

• Zigawuni za Panyanja zofalitsidwa pambuyo pa 1751, zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya Arctic yomwe siinalembedwe kale kapena yophunzira bwino. Zinyama zomwe zinafotokozedwa zinali mikango yam'nyanja, otters ya nyanja ndi zisindikizo za ubweya. Zolemba ndi ndondomekozi zowonjezera zikanatha kutsogolera ofufuza ena a Arctic, kuphatikizapo mbalame.
  
• Analimbikitsidwa ndi njira yofufuza komanso kulemekeza mitundu, zinyama ndi anthu, kuphatikizapo njira zakutetezera komanso kulemekeza malo okhalamo.

Mbalame Zimatchedwa Georg Steller

Ulemu waukulu kwambiri wa birder kapena wa chilengedwe akhoza kulandira ndi kukhala ndi mitundu yopanda immortalized ndi mayina awo. Georg Steller sangaone zachidziwitso zambiri panthawi ya moyo wake, koma cholowa chake chikukhalabe m'zinthu zokongola za mbalame zomwe zimatchedwa dzina lake.

• Jay Steller ( Cyanocitta stelleri )
• Zakudya Zakudya za Steller ( Polysticta stelleri )
• Chiwombankhanga cha Steller ( Haliaeetus pelagicus )

Mwamwayi, zonse zomwe Steller akudya ndi nyongolotsi za Steller ndizo zowopsya mitundu yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati zinyamazi zimatetezedwa kuti ziteteze mbalamezi, zambiri za Georg Steller zidzatayika - monga momwe ng'ombe ya Nyanja ya Steller ( Hydrodamalis gigas ) idatha kale. Dzina lake lingakhalepo mu zomera ndi zinyama zina, komabe, monga maina ake ena amadziphatikizapo mkango wa m'nyanja ya Steller ( Eumetopias jubatus ), mugwort wakuda ( Artemisia stelleriana ) ndi gumboot chiton ( Cryptochiton stelleri ).

Chithunzi - Jay Jay's Steller © Tim Lenz