Mphungu ya Nyanja ya Steller

Mmodzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mphungu ya Steller imatha kulemera mapaundi 20. Wotchedwa dzina lake Georg Steller , wolemba zachilengedwe wa ku Germany , amawotcha amphamvuwa ndi odabwitsa, ndipo mbalame iliyonse imayenera kuphunzira zambiri za momwe angawatetezere.

Dzina Loyamba: Chiwombankhanga cha Mtsinje wa Steller, Chiwombankhanga cha Steller, Chiwombankhanga cha Pacific, Chowombankhanga Chokwera-Mphungu, Chiwombankhanga Chakumadzi, Mphungu Yaikulu

Dzina la Sayansi : Haliaeetus pelagicus (poyamba anali Aquila pelagic, Faico leucopterus ndi Thallasoaetus pelagicus )

Maonekedwe

• Bill : Wopambana kwambiri, wokhotakhota kwambiri, wachikasu wowala ndi chikasu ndi chikasu chomwe chimatsindikanso kukula kwakukulu
• Kukula kwake : 35-40 masentimita yaitali ndi mapiko a 75-90-inchi, mapiko akuluakulu, mapiko aakulu
• Colours : White, chikasu, wakuda-bulauni
• Zizindikiro : Amuna ali ofanana ngakhale akazi ali aakulu kwambiri ndi ngongole zolemera. Mutu ndi bulauni wakuda ndi kunyezimira koyera pa korona ndi kubzala ndi kachikopa kakang'ono pamphumi. Maso achikasu akuzunguliridwa ndi mphete yonyezimira yamaso. Thupi ndi lofiira ndi lofiira kwambiri pamapewa. Chigamba choyerachi chimaoneka pamwamba ndi pansi pa mapiko akuuluka, ndipo kuwala kowala kungapangitse mapiko kuyang'ana yopapatiza kapena osasamala. Kusiyana kwa mdima wamdima wakuda kulibe mapewa oyera. Pothamanga, mapikowo amasonyezanso kuti ndi zala zazikulu kwambiri. Miyendo ili ndi nthenga zofiira, ndipo mapazi ndi achikasu ndi talons wakuda. Mchira wooneka ngati mphete ndi zovala zapamwamba zimakhala zoyera bwino.
  
  Nkhumba zimakhala zoyera pansi, koma zikamakula, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani wofiira kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasonyeza kuti zimatuluka kwambiri m'mapiko ndi mdima wofiira pamsana. Ndege zazing'ono zimakhalanso ndi ngongole zochepa, zovuta. Mbalame zazing'ono sizimapindula kwambiri mpaka zimakhala ndi zaka zinayi.

Zakudya : Nsomba, mbalame zam'mlengalenga, mbalame zazikulu, zinyama, zamoyo ( Onani: Odyera )

Habita ndi Kusamukira

Ziwombankhangazi zimakhulupirira kuti zimakhala zamoyo zamtundu wa glacial, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pa nthawi ya chisanu ndipo zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Amakonda malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso amapezeka m'madera ozungulira mitsinje ikuluikulu yokhala ndi miyala yamtundu komanso mitengo yokhwima.

M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amapezekanso pafupi ndi zigwa za m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'madera kumene nsomba zikuyamba.

Mphepete mwa nyanja za Steller ndi anthu okhala m'dera lalikulu la Kamchatka kum'mwera kwa Russia, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Russia kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi. M'nyengo yotentha yotentha , amapita kumpoto pang'ono kufupi ndi nyanja ya Pacific. M'nyengo yozizira, ena mwa anthu ameneŵa amapita kumwera monga gombe la Korea ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Hokkaido, Japan. Kuchuluka kwa kusamukira kumatha kusintha mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi chakudya komanso nyengo yozizira.

Zithunzi zosaoneka ndi zachilendo sizodziwika chifukwa amawotchawa samayenda mtunda wautali, koma nthawi zina amalembedwa kummawa monga Alaska ndi kumwera kwa Taiwan.

Zolemba

Mphungu izi ndi mawu apadera kwa operekera ziphuphu ndipo ali ndi phokoso lopwetekedwa, rapy-ngati mkokomo wamkokomo womwe umamveka ngati mchitidwe wodula. Mng'alu wawo ndi wamtali kuposa momwe angaganizire mbalame ya kukula kwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaitana pamene akulimbana ndi chakudya kapena akuuluka.

Makhalidwe

Anthu oterewa amagwiritsira ntchito ndege zowonongeka ndipo amatha kuthamanga ndege, ndipo amatha kukhala osokonezeka mlengalenga. Iwo amathawa ndi kusaka masana, kaya akuwuluka kuchokera pamalo kuti atenge nyama ndi zida zawo zamphamvu, kapena ngati akuwoneka kuti adye chakudya chotsatira.

Iwo akhoza ngakhale kuima m'madzi osaya ndikuwombera nsomba ndi ngongole zawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaba kuchokera ku ziwombankhanga kapena masana ena.

Mphepete mwa nyanja za Steller nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha ndipo zimafuna kuti madera ambiri azisaka. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, iwo adzasonkhanitsa kumalo osungirako nyama pafupi ndi zakudya zowonjezera, monga nsomba zokhala ndi nsomba kapena malo osadziwika a madzi otseguka. Amatha kuphatikizanso ziweto zosakaniza ndi ziwombankhanga za golidi ndikuwodyetsa.

Kubalana

Izi ndi mbalame zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimapanga mgwirizano wapamtima pakapita ndege. Akuluakulu onse amagwira ntchito pamodzi kuti amange chisa chachikulu cha nthambi ndi nthambi, ndipo chisa chomwechi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Ena awiriwa amapanga zisa zambiri pafupi, koma chisa chimodzi chokha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza anapiye. Zitsambazi zimakhala pamtunda wautali mamita 50 mpaka 50, zomwe zimakhala pamtunda wodula kapena pamwamba pa mtengo wokhwima.

Mazirawo ndi oyera kwambiri. Pali mazira 1-3 omwe amaikidwa pamwana aliyense, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa koma osamvekanso a nkhuku zambiri kuti apulumuke. Kuphatikizidwa kumakhala masiku 40-45, ndipo zitatha magulu a nyamakazi akuthawa, makolo onse awiri amapitiriza kusamalira mbalame zazing'ono kwa milungu 10-12 mpaka atha kuyenda ndi kusaka okha. Ana amodzi okha amakulira chaka chilichonse.

Mphungu za Steller siziyamba kubala mpaka atakwanitsa zaka zisanu.

Kuwomba Mphungu za Nyanja ya Steller

Mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi, zazikulu si mbalame zam'mbuyo, koma zimayenda mofulumira kumadera kumene nyama zowonongeka zimakhala zowonjezera, makamaka nsomba ndi nsomba. Kusunga malo ndikofunikira pakukopa anthuwa, komanso kutetezera malo odyetsedwa.

Kusungirako

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kwambiri, ziwombankhanga za Steller zimakhalabe zovuta kuopsezedwa kosiyana. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi kusowa kwa nsomba kukuwononga chakudya chofunikira, pomwe ntchito zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimachotsa mitengo yomwe ikufunika kuti ikhale ndi nesting kapena hunting perches. Kumene mbalamezi zimadyetsa kudya, zimayambitsa poizoni . M'madera ena, amazunzidwa ndi trapper za ubweya chifukwa mphungu nthawi zina zimawombera misampha. Chifukwa cha ziopsezozi, kusiyana kochepa, ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha anthu, ziwombankhanga za Steller zimatchulidwa ngati zovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti alembedwa kuti ndi National Treasure ku Japan ndipo ali otetezedwa ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, njira zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zofunika kuti apulumuke.

Mbalame zofanana

• Mphungu Yamphongo ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus )
• Mphungu ya White-Tailed ( Haliaeetus albicilla )