Mbalame N'chiyani?

Timawayang'anitsitsa, amawadyetsa, kuwadziwitsa, kuwalemba, kuwawerengera, kuwatchinga ndi zina zambiri, koma mbalame ndi chiyani? Mitundu ya mbalameyi yokhayokha yokwana 10,000 padziko lapansi, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira kuti mbalameyo ndi mbalame yotani, koma zamoyo zimenezi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe angapo omwe amawathandiza kukhala "mbalame."

Kufotokozera Mbalame

Zingakhale zosafunikira kwenikweni kutanthauzira liwu loti "mbalame" koma pakuchita choncho, mbalame iliyonse ikhoza kuyamikira kwambiri nyama zomwe amazikonda.

Pozindikira kufanana komwe mbalame zonse zimagawana, tikhoza kuzindikira bwino, kuyamikira ndi kusangalala ndi makhalidwe omwe amachititsa mbalamezo kukhala zosiyana. Tikazindikira kusiyana kwake mosavuta, timakhala okwera mbalame ndipo tikutha kuona mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zamitundu yapadziko lapansi.

Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Mbalame Mbalame?

Mbalame zonse zimaikidwa ngati ziwalo za mtundu wa Animalia , Phylum Chordata ndi Aves Aves . Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke kuti ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala, gululi likugogomezera kuti mbalame zimagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zambiri zomwe zimagawana, kuphatikizapo:

• Zinyama : Mbalame zonse zimakhala ndi msana, zomwe amaziika mu Phylum Chordata . Mosiyana ndi zinyama zina, mbalame zimakhala ndi chigoba chokwanira chodzaza ndi ming'oma, mipata ndi mapulaneti kuti mbalame zikhale zopepuka kuti ziwone bwino kwambiri.
  
• Nthenga : Mbalame zonse zasintha nthenga, zopangidwa ndi keratini ndi mapuloteni ena ndi nkhuni zowala, kuti zikhale ngati thupi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthenga ingakhalenso yokongoletsera, monga mapuloteni, crests kapena streamers. Mitundu ina ya mbalame imathandiza mbalame kuti zitha kuthawa, pomwe nthenga zina, monga pansi, zimangokhala zowonongeka.
  

• Mapiko : Mapiko ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga mbalame. Ngakhale mbalame zopanda kuthawa zimakhala ndi mapiko kapena mapiko omwe angagwiritsire ntchito kusambira, kuwonekera poopsya kapena kuvina . Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mapiko kumasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito momwe mbalame imadziwira, ndipo mapiko a mapiko amathandiza kudziwa mitundu ya mbalame.
  

• Bill : Mbalame zonse zimakhala ndi phokoso, lomwe limapangidwa ndi keratin. Ndalamayi imayambira kawirikawiri pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya cha mbalame , ndipo mbalame zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ngongole zawo monga zida zonyamulira, kuyendetsa, kubowola, kukonzekera ndi ntchito zina. Mbalame zina zimagwiritsa ntchito ngongole zawo ngati zida kapena kuthandiza kutentha thupi.
  
• Wotenthedwa : Mbalame zonse zimatha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimapanga kutentha kwa thupi lawo ndipo sizidalira okha malo awo kuti zisunge. Ngakhale kuti mbalame zambiri zimadziwongolera kuti zisawononge kutentha kwake, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumakhala ndi cholinga choposa chimodzi komanso sikutanthauza kutentha kwa thupi.
  
• Mkulu wa Metabolism : Mbalame zimakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera, yomwe imachititsa kuti chakudya chiyambe kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Ali ndi mtima wamagulu anayi ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, womwe umathandiza kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso amatha kutentha kwambiri.
  
• Bipedal : Mbalame zonse zimakhala ndi miyendo iwiri yokhala ndi maulendo oyendayenda, kuyenda, kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zasintha maonekedwe ndi miyendo yosiyana kuti izigwirizana ndi zosowa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zakuuluka zimakhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala, yomwe imatha kuyenda mumadzi akuya, pamene amphwayi ali ndi miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri, yowononga nyama.
  

• Furcula : Ngakhale kuti siziwoneka kwa mbalame, mbalame iliyonse ili ndi furcula, kapena wishbone , yomwe imateteza chifuwa pamapiko. Izi zimapangitsa ziwalo za mbalame kukhala zotetezeka kupsinjika kwambiri pamene mapiko amasuntha ndipo mbalame zimasintha pamwamba.
  
• Kuika Mazira : Mbalame zonse zimayika mazira amniotic monga gawo la kubereka. Mazira ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba ndipo amafuna makulitsidwe kuti apitirizebe chitukuko mpaka atatayika. Kukula kwa mazira, mawonekedwe ndi zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yonse ya mbalame, monga momwe chiwerengero cha mazira chimayikidwa, nthawi yofunikirako yofunikira ndi chikhalidwe cha anapiye pakamwa.
  
• Kulankhulana : Mbalame zimakhala ndi luso lapadera loyankhulana, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya mbalame imayankhula mawu kudzera mu nyimbo zambiri. Mkokomo wa mbalame zopanda malire ndi mbali imodzi ya luso lawo loyankhulana. Kwa mitundu yambiri, kuyankhulana kwakukulu ndi mbali ya khalidwe la chibwenzi, kutetezera chitetezo , kuvomereza makolo ndi ana awo.
  

• Kuyenda : Mbalame zosamuka komanso zosasunthika zimakhala ndi luso lotha kuyenda. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kuwathandiza kuyenda maulendo a mazana kapena masentimita kudutsa nyengo ndi nyengo, koma kufika kumalo omwewo chaka ndi chaka. Mbalame zosagwedezeka zimagwiritsanso ntchito luso lawo loyendayenda pofuna kuyendera malo omwe akudya kapena malo osungira malo popanda zovuta.

Mbalame Zonse Zili Zofanana, Koma Zosiyana

Zinyama zina zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mbalame, koma mbalame zokha zimayimira zinthu zonse pamwambapa kuti zikhale za Aves Aves . Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbalame zonse zimasiyana, ndipo kupyolera mu zaka 150 miliyoni zamoyo kuchokera ku Mesozoic Era pamene mbalame zinayamba kusintha kuchokera ku zozizira, kusiyana kwakukulu kunayambitsa mitundu ya mbalame 10,000 yomwe timakonda lero. Komatu ndi mitundu yonse ya zamoyozi, zonsezi zimakhalapo, kupanga mbalame yowoneka koma yosiyana.