Kufotokozera: Eutrophication ndi Algal Blooms

Kuwongolera ndi vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ngakhale tikudziwa chifukwa chake, palibe chochuluka chomwe chikuchitidwa kuti chikhazikitsidwe. Pezani zenizeni pa eutrophication ndipo algal imawomba.

Kodi Eutrophication N'chiyani?

Mwachidule, eutrophication ndi zakudya zambiri m'madzi. Zakudyazi - kawirikawiri nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous - ndi chakudya cha zamoyo zamadzi monga algae, plankton kapena tizilombo tina tizilombo.

Eutrophication ingakhalenso kunja kwa madzi; Mwachitsanzo, dothi likhonza kukhala lopanda mphamvu ngati liri ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorus kapena zakudya zina.

Madzi amadzimadzi amapezeka nthawi zambiri mvula ikagwa m'munda wamapiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera ndi udzu amalowa mumtsinje, nyanja, nyanja kapena madzi ena. Zimakhalanso zachilendo pamene kusamba, kusamalidwa kapena kusatengedwera, kumalowa mumadzi, ndipo pamene kutuluka kwa matanki a septic kulowa mumtsinje kapena dziwe. Zina mwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri ndizo za CAFOs, kapena ntchito zoyamwitsa zanyama.

Zonsezi zimakhala ndi feteleza zabwino kwa zomera , koma pamene zakudyazi zimalowa mumadzi, zimayambitsa zinyama pakati pa algae ndi zamoyo zina. Chotsatira chake ndi chiphuphu, chomwe chimayang'ana ndendende momwe zimamvekera - mitsinje, nyanja, ndi nyanja zomwe zimakhala zomveka ndizomwe zimakhala zobiriwira ndi algae.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa pond scum kapena duckweed zikawoneka m'nyanja kapena mitsinje. Pamene eutrophication imapezeka m'nyanja ndipo mitundu yambiri ya dinoflagellates ikuphulika, madzi amatha kukhala ofiira, ofiira kapena a pinki - izi zimatchedwa "mafunde ofiira."

Ngakhale kuti machitidwe ambiri a eutrophication amayamba chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, nthawi zina zimachitika mwachibadwa.

Pamene chitsime chakumasika chimasula zakudya zambiri kuchokera ku dzikolo kupita m'nyanja, eutrophication ikhoza kubweretsa, ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri imakhala yaifupi.

Zotsatira za Eutrophication ndi Algal Blooms

Kuphatikizapo kukhala wonyansa, pamene chiphuphu chimapezeka, chimakhudza zinyama zam'madzi. Monga anthu ambiri a algae ndi zamoyo zina zimabereka, ambiri amafa, ndipo matupi awo amamira pansi pa nyanja kapena nyanja. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zamoyo zakufa ndi zowonongeka zimadzaza pansi.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa tizilombo tafa timagwiritsa ntchito oksijeni. Zotsatira zake ndi kutaya mpweya m'madzi, chikhalidwe chotchedwa hypoxia. Popeza nsomba zambiri, nkhanu, mollusks ndi zinyama zina zimadalira mpweya monga zinyama zokhazikika pamtunda, zotsatira zake za eutrophication ndi algal blooms ndi kulengedwa kwa malo omwe palibe nyama zam'madzi zamoyo - malo ophera.

Zigawo zakufa chifukwa cha eutrophication ndi vuto lalikulu padziko lonse: Malingana ndi zina, ma 54 peresenti ya nyanja ku Asia ndi eutrophic; ziwerengerozo zikufanana ndi nyanja ku Ulaya, pamene ku North America, pafupifupi theka la nyanja zimakhala ndi eutrophication.

Kuwonongeka kwa moyo wam'madzi kumakhudza kwambiri nsomba komanso nsomba.

Malinga ndi ofufuza a ku College of Carlton omwe afufuza malo akuluakulu akufa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Gulf of Mexico, madzi amtundu umenewu "ndiwo amachititsa makampani ogulitsa nsomba. Gulf imapereka 72 peresenti ya shrimp yokolola ku United States, 66 peresenti ya oyimba okolola, ndi 16 peresenti ya nsomba zamalonda. Chifukwa chake, ngati dera la hypoxic [laling'ono lakufa] likupitirira kapena likuipiraipira, asodzi ndi chuma cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja adzakhudzidwa kwambiri. "

Zotsatira zake zimadutsa pamsika wogulitsa nsomba, komabe. Kusodza nsomba, yomwe ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'makampani okopa alendo, imakhalanso ndi kusowa kwa ndalama. Ndipo ziphuphu zimakhudza thanzi la munthu: Sizingatheke kuti anthu adwale kwambiri ndi oyster ndi zipolopolo zina zowonongeka ndi poizoni wofiira, dinoflagellate yomwe imayambitsa mafunde ofiira amatha kuyambitsa maso, khungu ndi kupuma (kukhwimitsa, kukunkha, kuvulaza, ndi kuyabwa) kwa osambira, oyendetsa ngalawa ndi anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Kodi Mungatani Kuti Musamawononge Eutrophication?

Ndondomeko zatengedwa kale kuti zithetse kufalikira kwa madzi a eutrophic: Mankhwala otsika kwambiri a phosphate ayamba kukhala ozolowereka, ndipo ntchito yawo imasiya kutuluka kwa zakudya za phosphate m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madambo, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumathandiza kuthetsa madzi osungira madzi okhala mumchere mumitsinje ndi m'nyanja. Ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso malamulo opangira matanthwe amachepetsa kuchepetsa zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti algal blooms ndi ochepa.

Komabe, kudera nkhaŵa kwenikweni, kuti kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za ulimi kumapititsa patsogolo kuwonjezereka kwa feteleza wochulukitsa phosphate ndi nitrogen, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti eutrophic dead zones ziwonjezeke. Kufikira vutoli litayankhidwa, madera awa akufa akhoza kuyembekezera kuchulukana ndikukula.