Kodi kwenikweni phosphates ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Phosphates ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi phosphorous, mchere wambiri, ndi mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana (monga kuyeretsa ndi kuphika). Nthawi zina amaphatikizapo mchere wina, monga calcium ndi sodium.
Mitundu ya Phosphates
Malingana ndi Phosphate Forum of the Americas, phosphates imagwera m'magulu akuluakulu anayi (omwe ali ndi zipangizo zake) malinga ndi ma atomu a phosphorus: orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, ndi polyphosphates.
Maina Ena
Pali mitundu yambiri ya phosphates, kotero ndapeputsa mndandanda kwa omwe akukhudzana ndi kuyeretsa.
Phosphates imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi otsekemera omwe amadzichotsa komanso kusamba zovala : Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP).
Phosphates imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamtengo wapatali, monga zotsukira zasiliva, ndi zotsekemera komanso zoyeretsa zomwe zimapezeka m'mafakitale : Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP). Mankhwalawa amapitanso ndi potassium pyrophosphate; Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium mchere; ndi Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Zaumoyo za Anthu ku United States. Nambala ya Registry ya CAS ndi 007320-34-5.
Phosphates yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa katundu: Trisodium Phosphates (TSP), Pyrophosphates ya Tetra- Sodium ndi Potassium, Sodium Potassium Pyrophosphate
Kusamba Ntchito
Ponena za kuyeretsa ntchito, phosphates imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zokhazikika pamadzi ndi kumatsuka zovala kuti zithandize kuchepetsa madzi ndi kuchotsa nthaka, mafuta, ndi mafuta.
Amathandizanso kupewa malo owonetsa mafilimu ndi mafilimu muzitsamba zokhazokha. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kudula sopo ndi kumanga mchere, nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zoyera komanso zowonongeka. Kuonjezera apo, phosphates ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzoyeretsa zapadera, monga oyeretsa konkrete.
Mafisphates aletsedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pochapa zovala ku US kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo posachedwa amaletsedwa ku Ulaya, monga Maria Marlowe Leverette, The Spruce Expert, akunena m'nkhani yake, "Chotsani Nsomba za Detergent Phosphates Zopangidwa ku Ulaya. " Ponena za mankhwala otsekemera a mbale, phosphates inaletsedwanso m'mayiko angapo a ku United States, koma amaloledwa kupangira mankhwala opangira mankhwala.
Zochita Zina
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala oyeretsa, phosphates ali ndi nambala zina zozizwitsa. Zikhoza kupezeka m'madzi opangira ndi zokutira, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, zowonongeka zamoto, zakudya zowonongeka, mankhwala osamalidwa, mankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, STPP imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chinyezi ndi zokoma ku shrimp ndi ham molingana ndi Phosphate Forum of the Americas (PFA).
Zida Zamagetsi Zili ndi Phosphates
Kuti muwone ngati mankhwala ena ali ndi phosphates, yesetsani kufufuza Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Zaumoyo ndi Mankhwala a United States, Environmental Working Group "Guide for Healthy Cleaning ," Guide Guide, kapena Environmental Working Groups Skin Deep Cosmetic Database.
Malamulo
Pamene phosphates imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, chisamaliro, ndi kukonzekera mankhwala, zimayang'aniridwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Pazinthu zina, monga kuyeretsa katundu, akuyang'aniridwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Health & Safety
Phosphates ikhoza kuchitika pa zakudya zina, koma zikawonjezeredwa ku zakudya zowonongeka zimatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ngati ndalama zambiri zikudya. Lynn Eldridge, The Spruce Expert, analemba m'nkhani yake, "Common Food Additive Imayambitsa Khwangwala la Khansa Yowonjezera," zomwe zakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti zakudya za khansa ya m'mapapo zimakula.
Zakudya zamtundu wa phosphate mu zakudya zowonongeka zimatha kukhudza nthendayi ndi mtima monga Nathan Gray akufotokozera m'nkhani yake, "Phosphate mu Chakudya ndi Mmene Ngozi ya Umoyo Imayenera Kubwerekera, Ofufuza Ofufuza."
Pamene phosphates imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zinthu, zimayambitsanso matenda. Mireya Navarro analongosola m'nyuzipepala ya New York Times kuti, "Oyeretsa Malo, Osati Zakudya," ogwira ntchito yosamalira nyumba ku New York madokotala adanena kuti kuchepetsa zizindikiro, monga mitsempha, chizungulire, ndi kozizira, atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito phosphate zopanga zosakaniza.
Zotsatira Zachilengedwe
Mankhwala ambiri otchedwa phosphates amaonedwa ngati vuto chifukwa amalimbikitsa kukula kwa algae ndi kuchepetsa mpweya womwe umapezeka nsomba ndi zomera mumitsinje ndi m'nyanja.
Mitundu Yowonjezera
Opanga opanga angapo, monga Seventh Generation, adalumphira pamadzi ndi zitsulo zosadya phosphate.
Vuto ndiloti, nthawi zina kumawona vuto liripobe, lomwe ndi pamene njira zina zobiriwira ndi zowonongeka zotsuka zowonongeka zimabwera bwino! Komanso, mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi phosphates kuti achotse mlingo ndi sopo, bwanji osayesa kuyeretsa ndi vinyo wosasa kapena kupanga vinyo wosasa ?