Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhaka zomwe zimayambitsa munda wanu (kapena zomera m'nyumba mwanu): kachilomboka kameneka ( Acalymma vittatum ) ndi kachilomboka kameneka ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata). Nkhaka kafadala ikhoza kuyang'aniridwa bwino ndi zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe kapena organic njira, koma kwambiri infestations angafune mankhwala mankhwala.
Kudziwa Nkhaka Zambiri za Nkhaka
Chikulire chimakhala ndi chikasu, ndipo chimakhala ndi madontho khumi ndi awiri kumbuyo kwake.
Chiberekerochi chimakhala ndi thupi la chikasu koma chimakhala ndi mizere itatu yakuda kumbuyo kwake, Zonsezi ndizofanana, pafupifupi kotala la inchi yaitali. Mphutsi imakhala yoyera ndi mitu ya brownish. Chilombo cha njuchi chimapezeka ngati chimanga cha chimanga ndipo ndi vuto lalikulu la chimanga ndi mbewu zina zaulimi.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Mankhwala akuluakulu a nkhaka opitirira m'munda, mu kompositi kapena mu mulu wa zinyalala, amayamba kutuluka. Anthu akuluakulu amadyetsa namsongole ndi zomera zina mpaka cucurbits (monga nkhaka, phulusa, ndi mavwende) omwe ali okondedwawo alipo. Buluzi likapeza cucurbits, zimadyetsa zomera ndipo akazi amaika mazira awo m'nthaka yozungulira. Mazira atathamanga, mphutsi (zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa rootworms) zimadyetsa mizu ya cucurbit yomwe ili pansipa ndipo zimayambira mpaka pupate. Ndiye, tizilombo akuluakulu amachokera ku pupae ndipo kuyambira kumayambiranso.
Moyo wonse wa tizilomboti uli pafupi masabata asanu ndi atatu. Mphepete mwa nyanja akhoza kuona zidzukulu zitatu zodzala msipu mu nyengo imodzi yokha, pomwe nyengo ya kumpoto imangoona awiri okha.
Zizindikiro za Chikumbu Cha Nkhumba
Kuwonongeka kwa nthata za chiwombankhanga kumakhala kosavuta kuona: kuwonongeka kuchokera kudyetsa masamba, kupweteka pa chipatso, ndi kumangirika kumachokera ku kudyetsa mphutsi.
Kawirikawiri, kuwonongeka kumeneku kumapezeka pa nkhaka, masamba, mavwende, ndi maungu, koma amapezeka pa tomato ndi mbewu zina za m'munda ngati cucurbits sichipezeka kapena ngati pali mbozi kusiyana ndi cucurbits yomwe ikupezeka.
Zotsatira pa Zomera Zamaluwa
Ambiri pambali ya mbeu akhoza kuthandizidwa, kuphatikizapo girdled zimayambira, kufufuza masamba, ndi kuyika pa zipatso. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwakukulu sikuchokera kwa tizilombo tokha koma kuchokera ku bakiteriya. Mabakiteriya amatsekedwa m'mimba ya kachilomboka, ndipo monga tizilombo timadya timayifalitsa kumunda. Mabakiteriya amafalikira ku mitsempha ya zomera, yomwe imayambitsa masamba.
Ngati sichipezeka (mwa kudulira kachilomboka), ndiye kuti potsirizira pake adzafalitsa ndikupha mbewu yonseyo. Komanso, zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya zimalimbikitsa nkhaka zambiri, zomwe zimadya masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndikupitiriza kufalitsa mabakiteriya m'munda. Nkhaka kafadala komanso chachikulu chonyamulira wa nkhaka zithunzi kachilombo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, izi ndi tizirombo towonongeka, kuvulaza kuwonongeka kwachindunji ndi kutumikira monga ogwira mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi mavairasi.
Organic Control ya nkhaka Nyerere
Pali njira zambiri zochezera zachilengedwe zowononga nkhaka:
- Tetezani mbande za cucurbit kuchokera ku nkhaka zamasamba poziphimba mutabzala ndi mzere woyandama mzere, masewera a munthu, kapena makoswe.
- Yesani kubzala cucurbits patapita nyengo. Mitengo yofanana yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kale m'minda ina yoyandikana nayo ingakopetse nyamakazi iliyonse m'dera lanu, choncho sungani zomera zanu.
- Chotsani ndi kuwononga (musakhale kompositi) zomera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bakiteriya mwamsanga kuti asakopeko kafadala kumadera. Mbozi yamkuntho yomwe imapezeka pa zomera ikhoza kusankhidwa ndi kuswa.
- Lembani nthaka ndi udzu, udzu, pulasitiki, kapena nsalu kuti zisawononge nkhaka za maluwa kuika mazira pansi pafupi ndi zomera; Komabe, izi sizidzawachotsa kwathunthu.
Ngati Mukugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zonse amakhala otsiriza, koma chifukwa nkhaka zafadala zimawononga, wamaluwa nthawi zina amawafikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga malathion, kawirikawiri ndibwino kwambiri, koma iyenera kukhala njira yotsiriza pakatha mankhwala onse achilengedwe. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsatira malangizo omwe muli nawo.