Ferns - M'munda ndi M'kati
Mitengo ndi zomera zabwino kwambiri m'mapiri, koma zimatha kukula bwino mumunda wanu kapena kunyumba kwanu. Liwu lakuti "fern" limatanthawuza mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu 12,000 ya zomera zomwe sizibala maluwa kapena mbewu, mmalo mwake kubereka ndi spores. Sizinthu zokwana khumi ndi ziwiri (12,000) zomwe zimakhala ngati zomera zakuda, koma osankhidwa akadali aakulu.
Mafresi akhala alipo kwa zaka zoposa 300 miliyoni.
Amuna ambiri amadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha masamba awo, kapena masamba awo. Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya ferns ikukula kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi ma frond akhoza kukula mu kukula kuchokera pansi pa inchi mpaka mamita khumi ndi awiri.
Kuti mukhale ndi ferns bwino, kaya mumunda wanu kapena m'nyumba, mufunikira kudziwa zina za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe muli nayo komanso zomwe mumakonda. Nazi malingaliro okula ndi kusamalira zina mwa mitundu yobiriwira yomwe imakula kwambiri.
Kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa Ferns
Ngakhale kuti ferns zambiri zimakonda malo amdima , sizichita bwino mumthunzi wakuya, mthunzi wopangidwa ndi nthambi za mtengo umapanga chisankho chabwino. Ganizirani momwe amakulira m'nkhalango ndipo yesetsani kupeza zinthu zomwezo m'bwalo lanu.
Mazira amatha kusamalira dzuwa, komabe dzuwa likamalowa, zimakhala zowonjezereka kwambiri. Ferns yochepa idzalekerera malo owuma, otentha, amdima.
Mafera Okula kuchokera ku Spores
Mafinya samabereka mbewu, amakula kuchokera ku spores. Spores amawoneka ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono m'munsi mwa mapiri. Mitengo ya Fern ikhoza kugwetsera mamiliyoni mamiliyoni a spores pansi, koma ochepa okha omwe angapeze zinthu zabwino adzakula. Ngati mungafune kuyesa kukula kwa spores, mukhoza kuwasonkhanitsa ndi kuwabzala momwe mungathere.
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa fressi, dikirani kufikira atadumpha ndikuyamba kugwa m'madzi, akuwonetsa kuti atsekedwa. Njira yophweka yochitira izi ndi kudula fumbi pamene spores zake zayamba kuoneka mdima. Siyani phulusa mu thumba la pepa kapena pamapepala (m'nyumba, kumene spores sizidzachotsedwa) ndi kuyembekezera kuti spores agwe. Mukufuna kukhala otsimikiza kuti ali okhwima komanso akutha okha.
Kubzala Ferns ku Spores
- Mipira ya Fern ndi yaing'ono ndipo zingakhale zovuta kugwira ntchito. Awasunge pamapepala kapena mu thumba la mapepala mpaka mutakonzeka kuwabzala.
- Lembani chipinda chophwanyidwa kapena chidebe china chosakaniza chophika . Sambani spores pamapepala kapena thumba pamwamba pa kusakaniza ndi kufalitsa mofatsa, kotero kuti spores azigwirizana bwino ndi nthaka.
- Sungani pamwamba pa kusakaniza, kusakaniza spores ndi kuziika pamalo.
- Phimbani chidebe ndi pulasitiki ndikuyiyika mu tray yomwe ili ndi madzi okwanira 1 - 2. Pitani ku malo otentha, ndi dzuwa losalunjika.
- Pitirizani kulowetsa madzi mu tray mpaka mutayang'ana zizindikiro za kukula. Izi zingatenge masabata 6 mpaka 12, choncho khalani oleza mtima ndipo musalole kuti nthaka iume.
- Chinthu choyamba chomwe mudzachiwona chidzakhala mphukira zochepa ngati mtima zomwe zimatchedwa prothalli. Izi zikhoza kutulutsidwa bwino m'thumba ndikusunthira miphika yomwe imadzazidwa ndi yonyowa pokonza.
- Siyani zozizwitsa zosaphimbidwa, koma zisungeni zowononga.
- Nthendayi ikangoyambika kukhala yamtunda, ikhoza kuumitsa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuikidwa kunja.
Kubzala Ferns kuchokera ku Stolons
Mutha kuona zitsulo zamtundu wautali zomwe zikukula kuchokera kwa fern. Izi ndi stolons kapena othamanga, ndipo mukhoza kufalitsa zina zambiri mwa kuziyika pa nthaka.
Lembani zakuba kunthaka yoyandikana ndi chida chokhala ngati U kapena denga laling'ono. Khalani lonyowa ndipo patangopita masabata angapo stolon iyenera kuphuka ndi kutumiza kukula kwatsopano. Izi zikachitika, dulani zakuba kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi. Chomera chatsopano chikhoza kuikidwa pa mfundo iyi.
Kukula kwa Fern
Mafera amapanga zipinda zokongola, koma chinyezi m'makomo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuti ferns zizikhala bwino. Izi ndizofunika makamaka m'nyengo yozizira pamene kutentha kwatha. Kuwaza mitengoyo kumathandiza kusintha mazenera a chinyezi monga momwe angakhalire zitsulo zawo pa thiresi yodzaza ndi miyala ndi madzi okwanira kuti afike pansi pa mphika wa fern.
Mafern ena omwe amatha kusamalira bwino chinyezi ndi awa:
- Mbalame ya Mbalame Fern ( Asplenium )
- Boston Fern ( Nephrolepis )
- Chikhoto Fern ( Pellaea )
- Foot Rabbit Fern ( Davallia )
- Holly Fern ( Cyrtomium )
- Staghorn Fern ( Platycerium )
- Sword Fern ( Polystichum munitum )
(Malangizo ambiri okula ndi kusamalira fern .
Kugawa Zomera za Fern
Mitengo ya Fern imagawanitsa mofanana ndi zomera zina zosatha.
- Nthawi yabwino yopatulira fern ndikumayambiriro kwa masika pamene akuyambiranso kukula.
- Onetsetsani kuti chomera chafern chinathiridwa bwino tsiku lomwelo kapena maola angapo musanagawa.
- Kwezani fern ndi kukoka kapena kudula mzuwo mu zidutswa ziwiri - zitatu, malingana ndi kukula kwa chomeracho. Chidutswa chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi nsonga yosachepera yokha yomwe amalima amamera.
- Sakanizani mwamsanga mwamsanga ndi madzi bwino. Onetsetsani kusunga zatsopano zowuma, kufikira kukula kwatsopano kukuwonekera.
Kusamalira Chipinda cha Fern
Kuthirira : Ferns amakonda malo ouma, koma amatha kusunga nthawi yochepa. Zidzakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo zidzasanduka zofiira, koma ziyenera kubweranso pamene zouma zatha.
Mulching: Mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa ferns ndi nkhungu kapena masamba okongola. Izi zikufanizira momwe angakhalire pansi m'nkhalango ndipo zimathandiza kusunga chinyezi chomwe akusowa. Onjezerani chikhomo chatsopano cha mulch masika.
Kupalira: Zilonda sizing'onozing'ono. Onetsetsani kulima mozungulira iwo, makamaka m'chaka, pamene tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tayamba kutulukira.
Kudyetsa: Ambiri a fern safuna feteleza wothandizira. Kuwonjezera kompositi wina kubowo loyambirira kubzala ndikutsatizana ndi maonekedwe a tsamba la nkhungu mulch ayenera kukhala okwanira kwa iwo.
Zosamalira Zima: Musadule ferns kugwa. Siyani mitengoyi ngati chitetezo cha korona za zomera. Mukhoza kuyeretsa akale, omwe amafa kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pamene fiddleheads ikuwonekera.