Mimus polyglottos
Mbalame yam'mwera kumpoto ndi mbalame yosayembekezeka kuyang'ana koma yochititsa chidwi kuti imvetsere. Ndi mphamvu yake yodabwitsa yotsanzira nyimbo zina za mbalame ndi zomveka, dzina lake la sayansi polyglottos - "zambiri" - ndilobwino. Monga mbalame ya ku Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee ndi Texas , mbalame iyi ndi yofala komanso yodziwika bwino, koma ndiwe wangati mukudziwa zambiri za izo?
Dzina Loyamba : Northern Mockingbird, Mockingbird
Dzina la sayansi: Mimus polyglottos
Scientific Family: Mimidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wofiira, wakuda, wolimba
- Kukula : mamita makumi awiri m'litali ndi mapiko a 14-15-inch, mchira wautali ndi miyendo
- Mabala : Akuda, wakuda, oyera
- Zizindikiro : mbalame zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimawoneka chimodzimodzi ndi mutu wamphongo mutu ndi nsana, mapiko akuda okhala ndi mipiringidzo yoyera yoyera ndi mipira yoyera yoyera yomwe ikuwoneka bwino mu kuthawa. Mchira uli wakuda imvi kapena wakuda ndi nthenga zakuda kunja ndipo chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zoyera kapena zoyera. Mbalame zimakhala ndi mzere wakuda wakuda pafupi ndi malonda kuchokera ku ngongole kupita ku diso. Pouluka, nthenga za mchira ndi zoyera zimatuluka bwino. Maso ndi achikasu ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zakuda kapena zakuda.
Mbalame zazing'ono zikuwoneka mofanana ndi anthu akuluakulu koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a scruffier, ndipo anyamata achichepere omwe amakhala kumpoto akumaonetsa ubweya wambiri pamimba.
Zakudya: Tizilombo, mphutsi, zipatso, zipatso, nyama zazing'ono, njoka, abuluzi, kuyamwa ( Onani: Omnivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mbalame zam'mphepete za kumpoto zimatchedwa "kumpoto" chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya mockingbird imakhala kumadera otentha. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kusintha kwambiri ndipo imapezeka m'madera akumidzi, m'midzi ya m'midzi, m'mapiri ndi m'matawuni mpaka kumpoto monga Massachusetts ndi Connecticut kupita ku Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona komanso ku California.
Amakonda nkhalango zowonongeka ndi madera ozungulira, kuphatikizapo malo amtunda, minda yambiri, mapiri a nkhalango ndi malo omwewo, makamaka pamene zomera zaminga zimakula. Gawo la kumpoto kwa mockingbird likukula pang'onopang'ono kumpoto ngati chakudya chikuwonjezeka. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala mumzinda wawo wonse, koma anthu akummwera amatha kusamukira nyengo, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Zolemba:
Liwu la kumpoto kwa mockingbird ndilo khalidwe lake losiyana kwambiri. Sikuti mbalameyo ili ndi zida zake zokhazokha, ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu, koma kafukufuku apeza kuti mockingbirds amatsanzira zoimbira ndi nyimbo za mbalame zina 50 komanso nyama zina, makina ndi nyimbo. Kawirikawiri maulendo amabwerezedwa katatu musanayambe kusintha, ndipo zovuta ndi zosiyana za kuitana kwa mbalame zimasonyeza kukula kwake ndi zowona. Ndi zochitika zoterezi, si zachilendo kuti mbalamezi ziziimba usiku wonse, makamaka mu kuwala kwa mwezi, komanso masana.
Makhalidwe:
Kawirikawiri mbalamezi zimapezeka zokha kapena awiriawiri, koma zimakhala zogwira ntchito molimba mtima m'mphepete mwachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuthamanga kukaponyera tizilombo ndipo amawombera mapiko awo mofulumira kuti awononge nyama zawo.
Mbalame zam'mphepete za kumpoto zimadzitetezera kwambiri zisa zawo ndipo zidzasuntha, kuziwombera mapiko awo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ziopsezo kuti ziwopseze. Mbalame za mbalamezi zimatchulidwa kuti zimawombera anthu ndi anthu omwe amayenda pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimapanga mgwirizano wa nthawi yaitali ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi zibwenzi kwa moyo wonse. Zitsulo zooneka ngati chikho zimamangidwa ndi nthambi ndipo zimakhala ndi udzu wabwino kwambiri. Zisamba zimakhala pamtunda wa 3-10 pamwamba pa nthaka, nthawi zambiri mu chitsamba chaminga kapena mthunzi wandiweyani.
Mazira a kumpoto amatsitsa kapena amaoneka ngati amoto ndipo amawathira ndi bulauni kapena zofiira. Mbalame yaikazi idzabala mazira 3-6 masiku 12-13, ndipo makolo onse awiri adzadyetsa nestlings kwa masiku 11-13. Pawiri akhoza kulera 2-3 ana pa chaka, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe ndi banja lawo ngakhale mwana wamwamuna akusamalidwa.
Kukukweza Mng'oma wa Kumpoto:
Amng'oma a kumpoto amatha kupita kukadyera kumbuyo komwe kumapezeka chakudya, mkate, kapu, maapulo ndi zoumba. Pofuna kuti malowa azikhala okongola kwambiri komanso kuitanitsa mbalame kuti ziimbire, mbalame ziyenera kuchoka burashi ndi mitengo yosasinthidwa kuti ikhale ndi malo okwanira. Kupereka tchire kwa mabulosi a mbalame ndi malo abwino odyetsera chakudya kumapangitsa kuti bwalo lamilandu likhale lokopa kwambiri.
Kusungidwa:
M'zaka za m'ma 1800, mbalamezi zinkagwedezedwa ndi kugulitsidwa ngati mbalame zamphongo ndi mbalame zamphaka . Masiku ano, chizoloŵezi chimenechi chatha ndipo pamene kumpoto kwa mockingbirds sikungopsezedwe kapena kuika pangozi, zimakhala zoopsa zambiri, makamaka m'madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amathira pansi, amphaka ndi zinyama zakunja zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, ndipo kumwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso tizilombo towononga kwambiri kungathe kuchotsa chakudya chawo. Kuchepetsa zoopsezazi zowonjezera kungakhale zothandiza kwambiri kusunga mbalame zakumpoto za kumpoto.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Townsend's Solitaire ( Myadestes mizinda )
- Mbalame Yamphongo ( Dumetella carolinensis )
- Loggerhead Shrike ( Lanius ludovicianus )
- Greyatta ( Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher) ( Polioptila caerulea )
- Mbalame Yopera ( Oreoscoptes montanus )
- Bahama Mockingbird ( Mimus gundlachii )
- Tropical Mockingbird ( Mimus gilvus )