Loxia curvirostra
Crossbill yofiira ili ndi magulu osachepera 8-9 odziwika bwino, ndipo kufufuza kwina kungasonyeze mitundu yambiri ya anthu. Amasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa bili, nyimbo, mndandanda, zokonda za mtengo ndi kukula kwake, ndipo nkutheka kuti mbalameyi idzagawanika kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Dzina Loyamba: Red Crossbill, Common Crossbill, Crossbill
Dzina la sayansi : Loxia curvirostra
Scientific Family :
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wakuda, wokhota, zophimba zothandizana
- Kukula : 5.5-7.5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 10-11-inch, kumanga kokongola, mutu waukulu, khosi lakuda, mapiko aatali, notched mchira
- Mabala : Ofiira, imvi, wakuda, wachikasu, azitona, bulauni, buff, woyera
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ndi njerwa zofiira kapena zofiira-lalanje ndi imvi yowamba pamasitolo ndi ma-auriculars, ndipo imvi imatha kuwonekera pambali. Mapikowa ndi wakuda ndipo mchira ndiwo wakuda-bulauni. Zogulitsa zovala zimakhala zoyera ndipo zimakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani. Akazi ndi azungu a azitona ndi khola lalitali kapena laukhondo komanso rump yonyezimira. Pa amuna ndi akazi onse, maso ndi ofiirira ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zakuda.
Maofesiwa ndi ofunikira ndipo amasonyeza kusemphana pamwamba ndi pansipa, ngakhale mitsinje ingawoneke yamphamvu pamphuno yotumbululuka kapena yoyera. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zazing'ono zimaonetsa mipiringidzo iwiri yoonda. Poyamba ngongole zawo ndi zolunjika, koma zimayamba kukula kamangidwe ka Crossover ngati ali masabata 4-5. Pamene akukula, anthu akukhala ngati akazi akuluakulu, ndipo anyamata amatha kusakanikirana ndi chikasu ndi ofiira pamphuno zawo pamene akupitiriza kukula.
Zakudya : Mbewu, masamba, tizilombo, mbozi, zipatso ( Onani: Zosangalatsa )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Nsombazi zimakhala pakhomo kapena m'nkhalango. Amapezeka kudutsa kumpoto kwa America, Europe ndi Asia, ndipo nthawi zambiri samayenda. Mapiritsi ofiira amtunduwu akhoza kukhala osasunthira kwambiri pamene akufunafuna mbewu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, komabe, pamene mbewu ndizosauka, mbalamezi zimakhala zowonongeka.
Ngakhalenso popanda kusokonezeka kwakukulu, zozizwitsa zingapo zikhoza kulembedwa kumwera kwa nyengo yozizira.
Mbalamezi zimakhala m'midzi yonse ya Canada kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Alaska kum'maŵa mpaka ku Newfoundland ndi Labrador, ndipo mbali yawo ya kumpoto kwa America imadutsa kum'mwera kudutsa kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Rocky ndi pakati pa Mexico kupita ku Honduras. Maselo ofiira apepesi amapezeka m'madera ofanana komanso m'madera ozungulira Europe ndi Asia, kuphatikizapo Scandinavia, Spain, Turkey ndi India, ngakhale kuti anthu okhala kumadera akum'mwera akuphwanyidwa kwambiri. M'nyengo yokolola m'nyengo yozizira, amafala kwambiri ku Siberia, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira anthu ena a ku Asia amasamukira ku Japan ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China. Mofananamo, anthu ena a m'nyengo yachisanu ku North America amafalikira ku United States, ngakhale kuti sali kumbali ya kum'maŵa kwa dzikoli ndi kumwera kwa Texas.
Zolemba:
Mapiritsi ofiira amapepala nthawi zambiri amathawa ndi mapulogalamu abwino. Nyimbo yawo yeniyeni ndikumenyana, kuyenderera kwa machenga 3-4-2 kapena 4-4-2, kusintha chingwe, malo ndi tonal khalidwe pang'ono ndi gawo lirilonse.
Makhalidwe:
Mbalamezi zimawoneka mwa awiriwa kapena gulu laling'ono.
Pamene akudyera chakudya, amakhala osasunthika komanso amadzimangirira, akukwera pamwamba pa mapiritsi a pine kapena akugwera pansi pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo ndi ngongole zawo. Amagwiritsa ntchito malirime awo kuti awononge mbewu zawo m'kamwa mwawo.
Mapiritsiwa amapitanso kumayendedwe a mchere ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumbali ya kumidzi m'nyengo yozizira, kumene angasonkhanitse mchere kapena grit.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosagwirizana . Mkaziyo amamanga chisa chooneka ngati chikho, udzu ndi makungwa, akuphika chikho ndi udzu wambiri, moss ndi ubweya. Chisachi chili pamtunda wa mamita 640 kuchokera pansi, chobisika mu singano zapaini pafupi ndi thunthu la mtengo. Mazira owoneka ngati mazira ndi otumbululuka mwaukhondo kapena owala kwambiri kapena obiriwira, ndipo amadziwika ndi mizere yabwino kapena madontho a bulauni kapena azithunzi zofiira.
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa mapeto aakulu a dzira.
Mkaziyo amachititsa mazira masiku 12-18, pomwe nthawi yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya. Pambuyo pa ziphuphu zamkati, abambo amapitiriza kudyetsa akazi kwa masiku angapo pamene anapiye ali aang'ono kwambiri ndipo amakhala ovuta, koma pamene akukula makolo onse awiri amawathandiza kudyetsa nestlings. Pali mazira 2-5 mu ana , ndipo awiriwa amatha kukweza 1-2 ana a chaka chilichonse.
Chifukwa mapiritsi ofiira amadalira chakudya chopatsa thanzi kuti adyetse ana awo, akhoza kuyamba kubala kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa January kapena kumayambiriro kwa February pamene mbewu zowonongeka zimakula.
Kukoka Mipira Yofiira:
Nsombazi zikhoza kukhala ndi chidwi chokhudza anthu ndipo zidzayendera malo odyetserako kumene mbewu zakuda za mpendadzuwa zimapezeka. Ndi ngongole zawo zamphamvu, zimakhalanso zosavuta kuti zilowe mu mbewu za mpendadzuwa zazikulu.
Kubzala mitengo yobiriwira pabwalo kudzathandizanso kukopa mbalamezi. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fir, spruce, hemlock ndi pine ndi yokongola kwambiri.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi sizikuopsezedwa kapena kuziika pangozi, zimakhala pangozi chifukwa chokhala ndi malo okhala komwe kudula mitengo ndi chitukuko kumachepetsa nkhalango. M'madera ena, akusowa chakudya kuti adziwe agologolo.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi chakuti ngati mbalamezi zimagawanika kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mapiritsi ophwanya malamulo omwe ali ndi malire ochepa kapena zofunikira zowonongeka zowonongeka angathe kuonedwa kuti ali pangozi kapena pangozi. Chifukwa cha izo, ndikofunikira kuti mbalamezi zizitetezedwe kumadera onse a maulendo awo.
Mbalame zofanana :
- White-Winged Crossbill ( Loxia leucoptera )
- Parrot Crossbill ( Loxia pytyopsittacus )
- Scottish Crossbill ( Loxia scotica )
- Hispaniolan Crossbill ( Loxia megaplaga )
- Pine Grosbeak ( Pinicola enucleator )
Chithunzi - Red Crossbill - Mamuna © Jason Crotty