Kulima m'mitsuko ikuluikulu komanso kukweza mabedi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pazinthu zambiri, monga pamene nthaka yosauka imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumunda. Lembani zitsulo zingapo zazikulu ndi dothi kapena zabwino zogulidwa pamwamba, ndipo musadandaule za nthaka yanu. Ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zobwezeretsedweratu kuti apange mabedi akudandaulira wokonda mwachilengedwe wamaluwa kuti akhale wokhutira.
Choncho mungaganize kuti kugwiritsa ntchito matayala akale kuti mupange munda wa tayala bwino.
Ndiponsotu, kukula kwake kuli koyenera kudzaza ndi kusakaniza nthaka yanu ndikukula masamba monga mbatata ndi tomato. Komabe pali zochepa chabe zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa kuposa momwe zilili bwino kapena sizitetezeka kukula m'matayala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chotsutsana
Othandiza pazochitika zonsezi ndi owopsa pazikhulupiriro zawo. Ovomerezeka a minda yamatope amawonetsa kuti kutaya matayala akale ndi vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe, ndipo powakakamiza kuti agwiritsire ntchito ngati oyendetsa munda, minda yamatope ndiwo njira yabwino yobiriwira.
Ku mbali inayo, otsutsa amavomereza kuti matayalawa amadzazidwa ndi mankhwala ambiri ndi zitsulo, zomwe zina zimadziwika kapena zimakhala zikudziwika kuti zimakhala ndi khansa. Amatsutsa kuti ndizopanda nzeru kuti zikhale ndi zida zotere.
Kumene amalangizi amatsutsa kuti zida zoopsa zimakhala zomasuka m'deralo pokhapokha matayala atenthedwa. Chifukwa munda wamatope umaletsa matayala kuti awotchedwe, iwo amathandiza kwenikweni chilengedwe, amakangana.
Mobwerezabwereza kutsutsana kumapita, ndipo wabwino yemwe ali ndi munda angakhale ndi chiyembekezo chokumvetsetsa zonsezo.
Matenda a Turo
Pafupifupi matayala 300 miliyoni amatayidwa chaka chilichonse m'mayipi a US akuletsedwa ku zinyumba, ndipo kuwataya kumalamulo. Pamene utenthedwa, utsi wotentha umatha kumasula mankhwala monga benzene, polycyclic zonunkhira za hydrocarboni (kapena PAHs), ndi styrene.
Malingana ndi National Institute of Health, benzeni imatchulidwa kuti ndi khansa yotchuka, ndipo styrene ndi ma PAH ambiri amalembedwa kuti "akuyembekezeredwa kuti akhale khansa yaumunthu."
Choncho khama lalikulu lafunafuna njira zowononga matayala m'njira yosaphatikizira kuwotcha. Mpira ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pali magulu onse amalonda omwe amamangidwa kuzungulira matayala akale. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yambiri ya masewera olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsira ntchito matayala, ndipo masewera ambiri a ana amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamangidwe pansi. Zinthuzi zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mchenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera kusiyana ndi zomwe mungapange monga nkhuni, zomwe zingayambitse ziphuphu. Ndipo molingana ndi Environmental Protection Agency ndi Centers for Disease Control, kafukufuku sanawonetseke kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha thanzi kwa ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masewera opanga maswiti.
Komabe, palinso chidwi chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yapamwamba yopangira tayala m'maseŵera a ana, kotero, kugwiritsa ntchito ma tayala akale nthawi zonse kumalandiridwa.
Mlandu wa Munda wa Turo
Mukamagwiritsira ntchito matayala akale mumabedi okwera m'munda.
Chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito matayala ngati zamasamba kumapanga ntchito yatsopano pa zinthu zosafunikira, ndipo matayala ndi osavuta kwambiri kwa wamaluwa kuti agwiritse ntchito popeza palibe pafupifupi kukumba komwe kumakhudzidwa. Olima munda amatha kusunga, kukonza, ndi kujambula matayala kuti agwirizane ndi malo ndi munda wawo.
Ovomerezeka a minda yamatope akutsutsana kuti kugwiritsira ntchito matayala monga mabedi okwera m'munda wa bedi ndi njira yotchipa komanso yosavuta kuthandizira kuthetsa vuto lalikulu lachilengedwe. Dala lililonse limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cha m'munda ndi tayala lomwe silikutentha kuti limasule poizoni mumlengalenga.
Kuzoloŵera kugwiritsa ntchito matayala ngati mabedi okwezedwa m'munda ndi wotchuka makamaka pakati pa alimi omwe amathandizira kukhala wokhutira ndi "upcycling" zamagwiritsidwe ntchito monga moyo.
Mlandu Wolimbana ndi Turo Minda
Chitetezo chokhalira ndiwo zamasamba m'munda wamatope chatsopano chimakhala chodetsa nkhaŵa ngati matayala omwe amasinthidwa akhala otchuka kwambiri.
Maphunziro ambiri a sayansi pakalipano amasonyeza kuti zambiri zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi matayala zimachokera pakuwotcha, koma mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zingapezeke m'ma tayala ndi zokwanira kuti ziwonetsetse bwino:
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Ngakhale kuti EPA ndi Center for Disease Control sizinapezepo chiwerengero cha ziwopsyezo za thanzi kuchokera ku matayala omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena "mankhwala" opitilira, maphunziro akupitirizabe ndipo akuluakulu amavomereza kuti ma data ena amafunika. Phiri la Sinai Children's Environmental Health Center yanena kuti "Kuwonetsera kwa mankhwala omwe alipo mu crumb rubber pamapamwamba kwambiri, omwe amapezeka pa maphunziro kapena nyama, amadziwika kuti amachititsa zolepheretsa kubereka, zopweteka za ubongo ndi zopititsa patsogolo, ndipo zina zingayambitse khansa."
Ngakhale kuti mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matayala ndi ofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphira ya "crumb" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo ochezera masewera ena, akatswiri ena olima m'munda amatsutsa kuti matayala omwe amatha kumapeto amatha komanso kuti mankhwala angatengeke ndi mizu ya zomera. Malingaliro awa, ngakhale kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kungawonetseke pangozi pa nthawi.
Mayiko ambiri otchuka omwe amapanga minda yamaluwa, pakati pa amayi a Earth Earth News ndi Organic Life Magazine, akuchenjeza motsutsana ndi kukula kwa matayala monga matayala monga nthawi yayitali.
Middle Way
Alimi wamaluwa omwe ali oyenera, koma osangokhalira, okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito matayala ayenera kupumula mosavuta panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matayala monga zotengera zowonjezera zamasamba. Pamene amakalamba, matayala a mphira amabwera pansi ndikumasula zitsulo zomwezo ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwika ngati vuto pomwe matayala akutenthedwa. Komabe, izi ndizochepetsetsa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chakuti matayala akutha pang'onopang'ono ndi chifukwa chake amatha kukhala ndi vuto lodziwikiratu, ndipo zimatengera zaka zambiri kuti tayala liwonongeke m'zigawo zake zoopsa. Komabe, ndondomekoyi ikuchitika pang'onopang'ono nthawi zonse.
Masitolo omwe amaganizira kwambiri za mankhwala amapuma mosavuta ngati sakhala ndi munda wautchire monga momwe amachitira, m'malo mwake pamakhala mabedi omwe amamangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa osatengedwera.
Mankhwalawa amakhala pambali, chifukwa cha zomera zomwe zimafuna nthaka yotentha (monga kaloti kapena mbatata), tayala limapereka chidebe chabwino. Mphira wakuda ukhoza kutentha kwambiri, makamaka dzuwa . Sikuti zomera zonse zingathe kulekerera chikondichi, kotero ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti opanga tayala, dziwani chomwe chomera chilichonse chingathe kapena sichifunikira.
Pamene aphungu adakalipobe potsata zowopsa kwa minda yamatope, ndibwino kuti muteteze ngati mukufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti zikule zomwe mukufuna kudya. Ngati mumasankha kulima ndiwo zamasamba, muziwatseni ndi pulasitiki. Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito matayala monga mapulani pa nyengo zambiri zomwe zikukula.